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AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

A/C - HEAT PUMP CONTROLS & SWITCHES

AIR CONDITIONER BTU CHART
AIR CONDITIONER COMPONENT PARTS
AIR CONDITIONER TYPES, ENERGY SOURCES
AIR CONDITIONER NOT WORKING

AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS

AIR HANDLER / BLOWER UNITS
  ADDING A/C: RETROFIT SIZING
  BLOWER FAN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
  BLOWER FAN OPERATION & TESTING
  BLOWER LEAKS, RUST & MOLD
  COOLING / EVAPORATOR COIL DEFECTS
  DAMAGED COOLING COIL
  DIRTY A/C BLOWERS
    Leaks, Rodents In Air Handlers
    Mold Growth in Air Handlers
  DIRTY COOLING COIL
  DIRTY COIL CLEANING PROCEDURES
  FROST BUILD-UP on AIR CONDITIONER COILS
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
BACKUP HEAT for HEAT PUMPS

BLOWER DOORS & AIR INFILTRATION
BLOWER FAN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
BLOWER FAN OPERATION & TESTING

BOOKSTORE - Air Conditioning "How To" Books

CAPACITORS for HARD STARTING MOTORS
CAPILLARY TUBES
CLEANING & Legionella BACTERIA
CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS
COMBUSTION GASES & PARTICLE HAZARDS

COMPRESSOR & CONDENSING COIL, A/C

CONDENSATE HANDLING, A/C
CONDENSATION or SWEATING PIPES, TANKS
COOL OFF HEAT Thermostat Switch
COOLING CAPACITY, RATED
COOLING COIL or EVAPORATOR COIL
  DAMAGED COOLING COIL
  DIRTY COOLING COIL
  DIRTY COIL CLEANING PROCEDURES
  FROST BUILD-UP on AIR CONDITIONER COILS
DATA TAGS on AIR CONDITIONERS
DEFINITION of Heating & Cooling Terms

DEHUMIDIFICATION PROBLEMS
DEW POINT CALCULATION for WALLS
DEW POINT TABLE - CONDENSATION POINT GUIDE

DIAGNOSE & FIX AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP

DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
DUCTS - Asbestos
DUCT INSULATION, Asbestos Paper
DUCT INSULATION for SOUNDPROOFING
DUCT SYSTEM NOISES
DUCTS, Asbestos Transite Pipe
DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?

EDUCATION, HVAC SCHOOLS
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE
ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
ELECTRICAL POWER SWITCH FOR HEAT

ENERGY SAVINGS in buildings
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
EVAPORATOR COIL or COOLING COIL
EXPANSION VALVES, REFRIGERANT

FAN, AIR HANDLER BLOWER UNIT
FAN AUTO ON Thermostat Switch
FAN CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS
FAN LIMIT SWITCH
FAN NOISES

FURNACES WARM AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

GASES, EXPOSURE, TESTING
  Carbon Dioxide - CO2
  Carbon Monoxide - CO
  METHANE GAS SOURCES
GAS MEASUREMENT TOOLS
GAUGE, REFRIGERATION PRESSURE TEST

HEAT LOSS (or GAIN) in buildings
HEAT PUMPS

HUMIDITY LEVEL TARGET

INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE

INSPECTION CHECKLIST - OUTDOOR UNIT
INSPECTION LIMITATIONS
LEED GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION

LOST COOLING CAPACITY
  What to Check First
  A/C Flow Too Weak
  A/C Filter Problems
  A/C Compressor Problems
  A/C Off - Condensate Pan Switch
  A/C Cooling Coil Icing
  A/C Not Dehumidifying
  A/C Air Duct Problems
  Air Conditioner Won't Start
  Air Conditioner Refrigerant Problems
  Blower Fan No Start / No Stop
  Compressor Diagnosis: Diagnose & Repair
  Cooling Capacity of the Duct System
  Repair Guide Master List

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH

NOISY AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE
  Air Leak Noises
  AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP NOISES

OPERATING COST
OPERATING DEFECTS
OPERATING TEMPERATURES

PORTABLE ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS
PRESSURE READINGS, REFRIGERANT

REPAIR GUIDE, AIR CONDITIONERS / HEAT PUMPS
REPAIR & DIAGNOSTIC FAQs for A/C

REFRIGERANTS
  GAUGE, REFRIGERATION PRESSURE TEST
  REFRIGERANT CHARGING PROCEDURE
  REFRIGERANT DRIERS & FILTERS
  REFRIGERANT LEAK DETECTION
  REFRIGERANT LEAK REPAIR
  REFRIGERANT METERING DEVICES TEVs
  REFRIGERANT METERING CAPILLARY TUBES
SEER RATINGS & OTHER DEFINITIONS
SYSTEM OPERATION
SWAMP COOLERS

THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES

WATER COOLED AIR CONDITIONERS

More Information

Photograph of a blocked corroded air conditioning evaporator coil Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Air Handler Cooling Coil Blockage
InspectAPedia®  -         

  • Dirty or blocked air conditioner cooling coils (evaporator coils), how to diagnose & repair
  • Frost build-up on evaporator coils - its effect on cool air flow and mold
  • Air conditioning air handlers - Fan Coil Unit Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair, Replacement
  • Other causes of reduced airflow across the cooling coil
  • Questions & answers about blocked, damaged, dirty A/C or heat pump cooling coils/evaporator coils

This air conditioning repair article discusses the problem of dirt or debris blockage of the air conditioning system's cooling coil or evaporator coil in an air conditioning system air handler, how the dirt gets there, what problems it causes, how to clean a cooling coil (or evaporator coil), and how to prevent future dirt on the coil.

InspectAPedia offers impartial, unbiased advice without conflicts of interest. We will block advertisements which we discover or readers inform us are associated with bad business practices, false-advertising, or junk science. Our contact info is at InspectAPedia.com/Contact.htm.

For A/C or heat pump cooling coil blockage problems, also see   DIRTY COIL CLEANING PROCEDURES and  FROST BUILD-UP on AIR CONDITIONER COILS . If your air conditioning or heat pump system has lost its cooling capacity or won't start see REPAIR GUIDE for AIR CONDITIONERS. see How to determine the cooling capacity of air conditioning equipment if the system seems to be working but is inadequate to cool your building. Contact us to suggest text changes and additions and, if you wish, to receive online listing and credit for that contribution.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

BLOCKED COOLING COIL - Air Conditioner Evaporator Coil Blocked by Debris

Photograph of a dirt blocked air conditioning evaporator coil This photograph shows how easily debris can stick to and clog the inlet side of the cooling coil in an air conditioning system. This evaporator coil was nearly totally blocked with dust and debris. How does this happen?

There was no air filter installed in the system. Ordinary house dust is comprised largely of fabric fibers and skin cells.

These and other debris in building dust such as soot and organic particles like pollen and mold spores all join to form a gray mat on the fins of the cooling coil in an air handler.

Debris sticks particularly quickly to this surface because of the combination of close spacing of the cooling fins (about 1/16" apart) and the fact that condensate forming on the coil keeps the surface damp.


Photograph of a dirt blocked air conditioning evaporator coil

Here is a close up photograph showing how fibers in building dust readily cross the blades of the cooling coil and how the fibers themselves then collect smaller particles to rapidly block air flow across the coil. The same principles that make an air filter work can also clog the cooling coil of an air conditioning system.

As a cooling coil (or evaporator coil) in an air conditioner becomes blocked with dust and debris the air flow across the coil is reduced.

This reduced air flow (in cubic feet per minute or CFM) across the coil means that the cooling capability of the whole air conditioning system is reduced.

How do we clean a dirty air conditioner or heat pump cooling coil or evaporator coil? See DIRTY COIL CLEANING PROCEDURES.

What Else Causes a Blocked Air Conditioning Evaporator Coil or Reduced Air-flow Across the Coil?

Dirty air filter: can be mistaken for a blocked cooling coil. Always check your air filter first. Replace it if it's clogged and dirty and check the filter regularly. See AIR HANDLER / BLOWER UNITS

Air Conditioner Evaporator Coil Frost or Ice Formation: When the coil becomes sufficiently blocked with debris as to slow down the air flow enough, the coil may actually become so cold that the condensate forming on its surface freezes, completely blocking the coil.

That's because the rate of release of refrigerant into the evaporator coil was designed with an assumption of a sufficient volume of air moving across the coil to keep it from becoming too cold.

When the surface temperature of an air conditioning cooling coil drops below 32 degF or 0 degC, condensate forming on the coil surface begins to freeze, leading to sometimes some pretty weird behavior of the cooling system as we discuss at FROST BUILD-UP on AIR CONDITIONER COILS where we explain that there can be more than one reason that a cooling coil ices-up but none of those conditions is desirable.

Damaged air conditioner coil fins: can occur on both the evaporator (cooling) coil and the outside condensing coil. See CONDENSING COIL REPAIR REPLACE for discussion of repairing bent or damaged coil fins. Only in extreme cases will fin damage be so severe that air flow across the cooling coil is severely blocked - enough to cause loss of function or coil icing.

Dirty air handler blower fan: see AIR HANDLER / BLOWER UNITS and its section titled DIRTY A/C BLOWERS This article describes the very significant reduction in airflow across a cooling coil that can occur if the squirrel cage fan blades are dirty on the blower fan in the air handler. A dirty blower fan can be the cause of reduced airflow across the cooling coil and can even lead to coil icing.

Air leaks or unnoticed duct openings: in the duct system can interfere with proper airflow through the duct system, reducing air delivery into the building, and can be mistaken for a blocked or dirty cooling coil. Details are at DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS.

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & answers about blocked, damaged, dirty A/C or heat pump cooling coils/evaporator coils

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AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

A/C - HEAT PUMP CONTROLS & SWITCHES
A/C DATA TAGS
A/C - HEAT PUMP CRITICAL DEFECTS
A/C DIAGNOSTIC FAQs
A/C REFRIGERANTS
A/C TYPES, ENERGY SOURCE
AGE of AIR CONDITIONERS & HEAT PUMPS

AIR CONDITIONER BTU CHART
AIR CONDITIONER COMPONENT PARTS
AIR CONDITIONER TYPES, ENERGY SOURCES
AIR CONDITIONER NOT WORKING

AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS

AIR HANDLER / BLOWER UNITS
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
BACKUP HEAT for HEAT PUMPS

BLOWER DOORS & AIR INFILTRATION
BLOWER FAN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
BLOWER FAN OPERATION & TESTING

BOOKSTORE - Air Conditioning "How To" Books

CAPACITORS for HARD STARTING MOTORS
CAPILLARY TUBES
CLEANING & Legionella BACTERIA
CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS
COMBUSTION GASES & PARTICLE HAZARDS

COMPRESSOR & CONDENSING COIL, A/C

CONDENSATE HANDLING, A/C
CONDENSATION or SWEATING PIPES, TANKS
COOL OFF HEAT Thermostat Switch
COOLING CAPACITY, RATED
COOLING COIL or EVAPORATOR COIL
  DAMAGED COOLING COIL
  DIRTY COOLING COIL
  DIRTY COIL CLEANING PROCEDURES
  FROST BUILD-UP on AIR CONDITIONER COILS
DATA TAGS on AIR CONDITIONERS
DEFINITION of Heating & Cooling Terms

DEHUMIDIFICATION PROBLEMS
DEW POINT CALCULATION for WALLS
DEW POINT TABLE - CONDENSATION POINT GUIDE

DIAGNOSE & FIX AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP

DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
DUCTS - Asbestos
DUCT INSULATION, Asbestos Paper
DUCT INSULATION for SOUNDPROOFING
DUCT SYSTEM NOISES
DUCTS, Asbestos Transite Pipe
DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?

EDUCATION, HVAC SCHOOLS
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE
ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
ELECTRICAL POWER SWITCH FOR HEAT

ENERGY SAVINGS in buildings
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
EVAPORATOR COIL or COOLING COIL
EXPANSION VALVES, REFRIGERANT

FAN, AIR HANDLER BLOWER UNIT
FAN AUTO ON Thermostat Switch
FAN CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS
FAN LIMIT SWITCH
FAN NOISES

FURNACES WARM AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

GASES, EXPOSURE, TESTING
  Carbon Dioxide - CO2
  Carbon Monoxide - CO
  METHANE GAS SOURCES
GAS MEASUREMENT TOOLS
GAUGE, REFRIGERATION PRESSURE TEST

HEAT LOSS (or GAIN) in buildings
HEAT PUMPS

HUMIDITY LEVEL TARGET

INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE

INSPECTION CHECKLIST - OUTDOOR UNIT
INSPECTION LIMITATIONS
LEED GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION

LOST COOLING CAPACITY
  What to Check First
  A/C Flow Too Weak
  A/C Filter Problems
  A/C Compressor Problems
  A/C Off - Condensate Pan Switch
  A/C Cooling Coil Icing
  A/C Not Dehumidifying
  A/C Air Duct Problems
  Air Conditioner Won't Start
  Air Conditioner Refrigerant Problems
  Blower Fan No Start / No Stop
  Compressor Diagnosis: Diagnose & Repair
  Cooling Capacity of the Duct System
  Repair Guide Master List

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH

NOISY AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE
  Air Leak Noises
  AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP NOISES

OPERATING COST
OPERATING DEFECTS
OPERATING TEMPERATURES

PORTABLE ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS
PRESSURE READINGS, REFRIGERANT

REPAIR GUIDE, AIR CONDITIONERS / HEAT PUMPS
REPAIR & DIAGNOSTIC FAQs for A/C

REFRIGERANTS
  GAUGE, REFRIGERATION PRESSURE TEST
  REFRIGERANT CHARGING PROCEDURE
  REFRIGERANT DRIERS & FILTERS
  REFRIGERANT LEAK DETECTION
  REFRIGERANT LEAK REPAIR
  REFRIGERANT METERING DEVICES TEVs
  REFRIGERANT METERING CAPILLARY TUBES
  REFRIGERANT PIPING & DISTANCES
  REFRIGERANT PRESSURE READINGS
RETROFIT SIZING for A/C or HEAT PUMPS

SEER RATINGS & OTHER DEFINITIONS
SYSTEM OPERATION
SWAMP COOLERS

THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES

WATER COOLED AIR CONDITIONERS

  • Thanks to Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, for assistance in technical review of the "Critical Defects" section and for the photograph of the deteriorating gray Owens Corning flex duct in a hot attic. Mr. Cramer is a Florida home inspector and home inspection educator.
  • Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment ($69.00 U.S.).
  • Wikipedia provided background information about the definition of HEPA and airborne particle interception.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Complete List of Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Design, Inspection, Repair Books at the InspectAPedia Bookstore.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, A. D. Althouse, C.H. Turnquist, A. Bracciano, Goodheart-Willcox Co., 1982
  • Principles of Refrigeration, R. Warren Marsh, C. Thomas Olivo, Delmar Publishers, 1979
  • "Air Conditioning & Refrigeration I & II", BOCES Education, Warren Hilliard (instructor), Poughkeepsie, New York, May - July 1982, [classroom notes from air conditioning and refrigeration maintenance and repair course attended by the website author]
  • Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 5th Ed., William C. Whitman, William M. Johnson, John Tomczyk, Cengage Learning, 2005, ISBN 1401837654, 9781401837655 1324 pages
  • Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment ($69.00 U.S.).
  • Air Conditioning Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair, Efficiency all the basics for home owners, inspectors, new repairmen
  • NewAir Conditioning SEER - New DOE Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Efficiency Standard
  • Asbestos HVAC Ducts and Flues field identification photos and guide
  • Fiberglass: Indoor Air Quality Investigations: Fiberglass in Indoor Air, HVAC ducts, and Building Insulation
  • ...
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