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AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

A/C - HEAT PUMP CONTROLS & SWITCHES
A/C DATA TAGS
A/C - HEAT PUMP CRITICAL DEFECTS
A/C DIAGNOSTIC FAQs
A/C REFRIGERANTS
A/C TYPES, ENERGY SOURCES
AGE of AIR CONDITIONERS & HEAT PUMPS
AIR CONDITIONER BTU CHART
AIR CONDITIONER COMPONENT PARTS
AIR CONDITIONER TYPES, ENERGY SOURCES
AIR CONDITIONER NOT WORKING
AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS
AIR HANDLER / BLOWER UNITS
ANIMAL ALLERGENS / PET DANDER
ANIMAL ODORS IN buildings
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
ASBESTOS IDENTIFICATION IN buildings

BACKUP HEAT for HEAT PUMPS
BLOWER DOORS & AIR INFILTRATION
BLOWER FAN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
BLOWER FAN OPERATION & TESTING
BOOKSTORE - Air Conditioning "How To" Books

CAPACITORS for HARD STARTING MOTORS
CAPILLARY TUBES
CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS
CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE for A/C or HEAT PUMP
CLEANING & Legionella BACTERIA
  Should we disinfect
  Wisconsin Protocol for Cleaning A/C
  Legionella sp. Health Concerns
  What are Legionella
  Where do Legionella sp. occur?
  Recommended Level for Legionella sp.
  How When to Test for Legionella sp.
  Legionnaires' Disease Information from CDC
COMBUSTION GASES & PARTICLE HAZARDS

COMPRESSOR & CONDENSING COIL, A/C

CONDENSATE HANDLING, A/C
  DRIP TRAY DEFECTS
    Missing Condensate Overflow Pan
    Improper Condensate Drain Connects
    Float Switch on Condensate Tray
    Water in Condensate Overflow Pan
  CONDENSATE LEAKS
  CONDENSATE PUMPS
  CONDENSATE DRAINS
    Locations for Condensate Disposal
    Plumbing Code for Condensate Drains
    Improper Condensate Disposal
    Condensate Drains Connected to Vent Pipe
    Condensate Spills in Crawl Spaces
    Condensate Leaks Onto Heat Exchangers
    Condensate Disposal Outdoors
    Condensate Drains to Hidden Location
  CONDENSATE DRAIN CLEAN & DE-CLOG
  CONDENSATE TRAY CLEANING
CONTROLS & SWITCHES, A/C - HEAT PUMP
COOL OFF HEAT Thermostat Switch
COOLING CAPACITY, RATED
COOLING COIL or EVAPORATOR COIL

DATA TAGS on AIR CONDITIONERS
DEFINITION of Heating & Cooling Terms
DEHUMIDIFICATION PROBLEMS
DEW POINT CALCULATION for WALLS
DEW POINT TABLE - CONDENSATION POINT GUIDE
DIAGNOSE & FIX AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
DUCTS - Asbestos
DUCT INSULATION, Asbestos Paper
DUCT INSULATION for SOUNDPROOFING
DUCT SYSTEM NOISES
DUCTS, Asbestos Transite Pipe
DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?

EDUCATION, HVAC SCHOOLS
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE
ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
ELECTRICAL POWER SWITCH FOR HEAT
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
EVAPORATOR COIL or COOLING COIL
EXPANSION VALVES, REFRIGERANT

FAN, AIR HANDLER BLOWER UNIT
FAN AUTO ON Thermostat Switch
FAN, COMPRESSOR/CONDENSER UNIT
FAN CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS
FAN LIMIT SWITCH
FAN NOISES
FURNACES WARM AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

GAS EXPOSURE EFFECTS, TOXIC
GAS DETECTION & MEASUREMENT
GAUGE, REFRIGERATION PRESSURE TEST

HEAT LOSS (or GAIN) in buildings
HEAT PUMPS
HUMIDITY LEVEL TARGET

INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE
INSPECTION CHECKLIST - OUTDOOR UNIT
INSPECTION LIMITATIONS, A/C SYSTEMS

LOST COOLING CAPACITY

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH

NOISE AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE

OPERATING COST
OPERATING DEFECTS
OPERATING TEMPERATURES

PORTABLE ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS
PRESSURE READINGS, REFRIGERANT

REPAIR GUIDE, AIR CONDITIONERS / HEAT PUMPS
REPAIR & DIAGNOSTIC FAQs for A/C
REFRIGERANTS
RETROFIT SIZING for A/C or HEAT PUMPS

SEER RATINGS & OTHER DEFINITIONS
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONERS & HEAT PUMPS
SWAMP COOLERS
SYSTEM OPERATION

THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES

WATER COOLED AIR CONDITIONERS

More Information

Photograph of an office wall convector air conditioner system Cleaning & Prevention of Legionella Bacteria in Air Conditioners & Heat Pumps
InspectAPedia®  -      

  • Cleaning procedures for air conditioning condensate trays
  • Cleaning procedures for air conditioning cooling towers
  • Legionella, mold, and other pathogenic risks
  • Use of chlorine, bromine, inspections, cleaning of A/C drip trays and condensate systems
  • Questions & answers about Legionella bacteria contamination in air conditioners

This article explains cause, hazards, & prevention of Legionella bacteria contamination in air conditioners, how to clean air conditioning systems, Legionnaire's disease prevention & cleaning suggestions for air conditioning equipment and condensate trays, including condensate piping, traps, drains, condensate pumps, and concerns for mold, Legionella bacteria, and other hazards associated with air conditioning systems, cooling towers, and evaporative coolers.

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers nor with topics or services discussed at this website.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

CONDENSATE TRAY CLEANING - Cleaning suggestions for A/C System Condensate Systems

The health hazards associated with Legionella and other biological contaminants in HVAC systems are at Legionella sp. Health Concerns and also at Legionnaires' Disease Information from CDC. Here we discuss cleaning procedures.

Should we disinfect cooling system equipment or condensate trays?

Photograph of  condensate leaks to interior of blower compartmentShould we be putting bromide or chlorine tablets in our condensate trays to keep bacteria from growing?

If we should be, then do we need to alternate bromide with chlorine on some type of frequency to prevent development of resistant bacteria?

We're discussing condensate trays from mechanical equipment like heat pumps, fan coil units and air handlers with AC coils.

These pieces of equipment have condensate trays which are then drained through a small pipe, usually clear, but not always, with a trap in it, to a drain.

These condensate trays have some standing water in them when the AC is functioning. Should these condensate trays be treated with an algaecide of some sort?

There are risks beyond mold and algae, in particular Legionella bacteria (legionnaire's disease) which can have an alarmingly high mortality rate, and also potential hazard sources such as biofilms that can include other bacterial and maybe other pathogens.

However the risk of formation of problem levels of mold, bacteria, or other pathogen is probably not the same across all buildings nor types of equipment, and much of the risk may depend on installation and maintenance details at individual installations.

Particularly in climates with a high humidity and a heavy cooling load, and depending on details of the design and installation of the air handler unit and duct work, there is risk of blowing pathogen-contaminated water droplets downstream inside the air conditioning duct work and thus exposing building occupants.

With rooftop-mounted cooling units such as cooling towers using water, conditions may be still more attractive for growth of pathogens and there is some risk of movement of pathogens out of the cooling equipment to people located nearby and downwind from the equipment, even if they are outside the building which the equipment actually serves.

While I am not expert on this topic I have collected and provide here some key information and opinions to help sort out these questions. Use the links at page left to read additional details on this topic including recommended cleaning procedures and details of the Legionella hazard in air conditioning systems, humidifiers, etc.

Details on how to clean A/C and heat pump systems to prevent bacterial hazards are at Wisconsin Protocol for Cleaning A/C. Also review CONDENSATE HANDLING, A/C.

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & answers about Legionella bacteria contamination in air conditioners.

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Technical Reviewers & References

  • InspectAPedia.com® - Daniel Friedman - Publisher & Editor.
  • Critique, contributions wanted: Contact Us to suggest corrections or additions to articles at this website, and if you wish, to receive online listing and credit as a contributor. Particular thanks are due to the many experts and also consumers who read and critique technical articles at InspectAPedia.com.
  • Thanks to remaining contributors/references who are listed just below

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

CLEANING & Legionella BACTERIA
  Should we disinfect
  Wisconsin Protocol for Cleaning A/C
  Legionella sp. Health Concerns
  What are Legionella
  Where do Legionella sp. occur?
  Recommended Level for Legionella sp.
  How When to Test for Legionella sp.
  Legionnaires' Disease Information from CDC

  • Thanks to Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, for assistance in technical review of the "Critical Defects" section and for the photograph of the deteriorating gray Owens Corning flex duct in a hot attic. Mr. Cramer is a Florida home inspector and home inspection educator.
  • http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iii/otm_iii_7.html is OSHA"s technical manual re Legionnaire's disease US EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 800-426-4791
  • "Legionella in NY - How to Conduct a Legionella Risk Assessment", Mark Hodgson, LSC, Naperville IL & Diane Miskowski, MPH, EMSL Analytical, Inc., Westmont NY, Crown Plaza, White Plains, 8 May 2007. Course description: "Guidelines for the control of Legionella in critical care hospitals in New York have been in place for two years. In October 2006, these guidelines were extended to include nursing homes and long term care facilities. Join us for this 8 hour seminar to learn all you need to know to conduct a Legionella health risk assessment, control it in your facility, and remediate it. This course will describe the ecology of the [Legionella] organism, the epidemiology of the disease [Legionnaire's disease], a discussion of some recent outbreaks, and the proper sampling methods and analysis of the bacteria. A significant amount of time will be spent discussing how to actually perform a Legionella risk assessment, and an overview of cooling towers and potable water system design and how that contributes to growth of the [Legionella] organism. Discussion will include where Legionella can be found in the engineered environment, and the use of biocides and other controls."
  • Thanks to Craig Balchunas, AHI Accurate, LLC., a home inspection firm in Hyde Park, NY. - (800) 360-3998
  • "Legionella", a public information poster provided free by LA Testing, an California environmental testing lab - www.LATesting.com.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Complete List of Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Design, Inspection, Repair Books at the InspectAPedia Bookstore.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, A. D. Althouse, C.H. Turnquist, A. Bracciano, Goodheart-Willcox Co., 1982
  • Principles of Refrigeration, R. Warren Marsh, C. Thomas Olivo, Delmar Publishers, 1979
  • "Air Conditioning & Refrigeration I & II", BOCES Education, Warren Hilliard (instructor), Poughkeepsie, New York, May - July 1982, [classroom notes from air conditioning and refrigeration maintenance and repair course attended by the website author]
  • Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 5th Ed., William C. Whitman, William M. Johnson, John Tomczyk, Cengage Learning, 2005, ISBN 1401837654, 9781401837655 1324 pages
  • Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment ($69.00 U.S.).
  • Air Conditioning Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair, Efficiency all the basics for home owners, inspectors, new repairmen
  • NewAir Conditioning SEER - New DOE Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Efficiency Standard
  • Asbestos HVAC Ducts and Flues field identification photos and guide
  • Fiberglass: Indoor Air Quality Investigations: Fiberglass in Indoor Air, HVAC ducts, and Building Insulation
  • ...

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