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HOME & BUILDING INSPECTORS & INSPECTION METHODS

AGE of a BUILDING - how to determine
AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
ALUMINUM WIRING HAZARDS & REPAIRS
ANIMAL ENTRY POINTS in buildings
ANIMAL ODORS IN buildings

ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING COMPONENT ID

ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE IDENTIFICATION
ASBESTOS REMOVAL, Amateur, Incomplete
Asbestos Removal, Certification
ASBESTOS REMOVAL GUIDE, FLOORING
ASBESTOS REMOVAL, Wetting Guidelines
ASBESTOS RISK ASSESSMENT

ASHI American Society of Home Inspectors
ASHI Certification of Home Inspectors

ATTORNEYS and EXPERT WITNESSES
ATTIC LEAKS, CONDENSATION & MOLD
ATTIC VENTILATION

BASEMENT CEILING VAPOR BARRIER
BASEMENT HEAT LOSS
BUILDING SAFETY HAZARDS GUIDE
BUILDING SETTLEMENT

CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR
CHIMNEY INSPECTION & REPAIR GUIDE
CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS

CRAWL SPACES
CRAWL SPACE SAFETY ADVICE

DECK & PORCH CONSTRUCTION
DECK COLLAPSE Case Study
DECK FINISHES COATINGS PRESERVATIVES
DECK FLASHING LEAKS, ROT Case Study

DIRECTORY of BUILDING INSPECTORS
DISASTER BUILDING INSPECTION & REPAIR SAFEY
DRINKING WATER

ELECTRICAL INSPECTION, DIAGNOSIS, REPAIR
Electrical Inspection Safety
ENERGY SAVINGS in buildings
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS - INSPECT, TEST, REMEDY

EXTERIORS of buildings
EXTERIOR WALL SIDING TRIM & FINISHES
Fiberglass hazards in buildings
FIBERGLASS INSULATION
FIBERGLASS HAZARDS
FIBERGLASS INSULATION MOLD

FIRE CLEARANCES, Single-Wall Metal Flues
FIREPLACES & HEARTHS
FLASHING MEMBRANES PEEL & STICK
FLASHING for METAL ROOFS
FLASHING ROOF WALL DETAILS
FLASHING ROOF-WALL SNAFU
FLASHING SIDING DETAILS
FLASHING WALL DETAILS
FLASHING WOOD ROOF DETAILS

FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP
FLOODS IN buildings-priorities
FOUNDATION CRACKS & DAMAGE GUIDE
FPE Stab-Lok HAZARDS & REPAIRS WEBSITE

GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS
GUTTERS & DOWNSPOUTS
GLUES ADHESIVES, EXTERIOR CONSTRUCTION

HEATING SYSTEMS

HOME & BUILDING INSPECTORS & INSPECTION METHODS
  Advice on Becoming a Home Inspector
  ASHI Phil Monahon Award
  BUILDING INSPECTORS DIRECTORY
  BUILDING DEFECTS LISTS
    AIR CONDITIONING DEFECTS LIST
    CHIMNEYS DEFECTS LIST
    ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DEFECTS LIST
    EXTERIOR DEFECTS LIST
    EXTERIOR STRUCTURAL DEFECTS LIST
    FIREPLACE DEFECTS LIST
    GARAGE DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT BOILER GAS DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT BOILER OIL DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT, ELECTRIC DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT PUMP DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT PUMP SUBSYS DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT RADIANT DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT FURNACE GAS DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT FURNACE OIL DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT SPACE & FIREPLACE, GAS DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT STEAM DEFECTS LIST
    HEAT, WOOD APPLIANCE DEFECTS LIST
    INSULATION DEFECTS LIST
    INTERIORS DEFECTS LIST
    PLUMBING DWV DEFECTS LIST
    PLUMBING FIXTURE DEFECTS LIST
    PLUMBING SUPPLY PIPE DEFECTS LIST
    ROOF FLASHING DEFECTS LIST
    ROOF LOW SLOPE DEFECTS LIST
    ROOF STEEP SLOPE DEFECTS LIST
    SITE DRAINAGE DEFECTS LIST
    STRUCTURE, FLOOR DEFECTS LIST
    STRUCTURE, FOUNDATION DEFECTS LIST
    STRUCTURE, ROOF DEFECTS LIST
    STRUCTURE, WALL DEFECTS LIST
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    WATER HEATER DEFECTS LIST

  Checklists vs Narrative Reports

  Historic Homes, Home Improvement Costs, Research

  HOME INSPECTOR EDUCATION
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  HOUSE DOCTOR, how-to be
  How Much Should You Pay For Professional Services?
  INSPECTION COMONENTS MASTER LIST
  Mobile Home Inspection Guide
  VISUAL PERCEPTION ERRORS

HOT WATER HEATERS
HOUSE PARTS, DEFINITIONS

INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE

ICE DAM PREVENTION
INSULATION IDENTIFICATION GUIDE
INSULATION INSPECTION & IMPROVEMENT

Journal of Light Construction - Index 1994

KIT HOMES, Aladdin, Sears, Wards, Others

LEAD POISONING HAZARDS GUIDE
LEED GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION
LEED Building Designation & IAQ
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
LOG HOME GUIDE

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
Mobile Home Inspection Guide

MOISTURE CONTROL in BUILDINGS
MOISTURE METER STUDY

MOLD in buildings
MOLD PREVENTION GUIDE
MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE
MOLD SAFETY WARNINGS
MOLD SPRAYS, SEALANTS, PAINTS
MOLD STANDARDS
MOLD TESTING SERVICES
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets
MVOCs & MOLDY MUSTY ODORS

Nanomaterials Hazards
NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE

ODORS & SMELLS DIAGNOSIS & CURE

OIL TANK PIPING & PIPING DEFECTS
OIL TANKS INSPECT LEAK TEST ABANDON REGS
PAINT ANALYSIS, DIAGNOSTIC USES
PAINT & STAIN GUIDE, EXTERIOR
PAINT FALURE, DIAGNOSIS, CURE, PREVENTION

PIPING IN buildings, Clogs Leaks Types

PLASTER & BEAVERBOARD & DRYWALL
PLASTER BULGES & PILLOWS
PLASTER LATH, METAL
PLASTER, LOOSE FALL HAZARDS
PLASTER TYPE IDENTIFICATION

PLUMBING SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR
PUSHMATIC - BULLDOG PANELS

Reports: Checklists vs Narrative

ROOFING INSPECTION & REPAIR
ROOF VENTILATION SPECIFICATIONS

SAFE DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
SAFETY HAZARDS & INSPECTIONS
SAFETY: Elderly & Veterans Home Safety
SAFETY for ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS
SAFETY HAZARDS GUIDE
Safety for Septic Inspectors
Sears Catalog kit homes - how to identify
Septic System Safety Hazards
SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR

SIDING, Sheathing Identification - Photo Guide
SIDING, ALUMINUM
SIDING, ASBESTOS FIBER CEMENT
SIDING ASPHALT ROOF SHINGLES on WALLS
SIDING ASPHALT SHINGLE or SHEET
SIDING DAMAGE by SPLASHBACK
SIDING EIFS & STUCCO
SIDING, FIBER CEMENT
SIDING HARDBOARD
SIDING STEEL
SIDING VINYL
SIDING, WOOD PRODUCT CHOICES
SIDING, WOOD INSTALLATION
SIDING WOOD, FAILURES OVER FOAM BOARD
SIDING WOOD, FLASHING DETAILS
SIDING WOOD SHINGLE INSTALLATION
SINKHOLES, WARNING SIGNS
SLAB CRACK EVALUATION

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
Splits in Structural Wood Beams
SQUARE-D RECALLS

STAIN & BIODETERIORATION AGENT CATALOG
STAINS on buildings - QUICK GUIDE
STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING EXTERIORS
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STAIN DIAGNOSIS on STONE
STAINS on INDOOR SURFACES: PHOTO GUIDE

STANDARDS, HOME INSPECTION

STAIRS, RAILINGS, LANDINGS, RAMPS
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TANK TYPES: WATER, OIL, EXPANSION, ALL
THERMAL TRACKING Indicates Heat Loss

VAPOR BARRIERS & HOUSEWRAP
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VENTILATION in buildings
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WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
WIND TURBINES & LIGHTNING

WINDOWS & DOORS

Wood Burning Boilers, Furnaces Fireplaces Stoves
WOOD ROOF INSPECTION GUIDE

ZINSCO / SYLVANIA HAZARDS

GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.

More Information

Photograph of building damage near Los Angeles 2000 © Daniel Friedman Roof FlashingDefects List & Home Inspection Education
InspectAPedia®  -      

  • Roof flashing inspection recommendations
  • Roof flashing defects list
  • Lists of important roof flashing leak points and defects for residential buildings
  • Questions & answers about troubleshooting roof flashing leaks

Roof flashing leak troubleshooting: this article lists significant roof flashing defects, definitions, and home inspection education topics.

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers nor with topics or services discussed at this website.

This article series, beginning at BUILDING DEFECTS LISTS, provides lists of common building defects and basic defect knowledge that also outline recommended curriculum content for home inspector education. The building defects and inspection points listed in these articles also guide homeowners and home buyers to building areas that merit careful attention and often point areas of safety concern or important maintenance and repair tasks.

Readers should see ROOFING INSPECTION & REPAIR for our complete list of articles on this topic. Also see HOME & BUILDING INSPECTORS & INSPECTION METHODS. Use the Search Box at the top or bottom of these pages to find in-depth information about building, energy savings, and indoor environment inspection, diagnosis and repair at this website. Watch out: these inspection lists do not list all possible defects for the systems discussed, and not all home or building inspectors will examine all of the items listed here. CONTACT us to suggest corrections or additions to articles at this website.

Also see ROOF FLASHING DEFECTS LIST and these roof flashing articles
FLASHING, ASPHALT SHINGLE VALLEYS
FLASHING, CLAY TILE ROOFS
FLASHING MEMBRANES PEEL & STICK
FLASHING for METAL ROOFS
FLASHING ROOF WALL DETAILS
FLASHING ROOF-WALL SNAFU
FLASHING SIDING DETAILS
FLASHING WALL DETAILS
FLASHING WOOD ROOF DETAILS

These curriculae and building defect lists are based on smilar curriculum documents first prepared by Joe Scaduto, an ASHI member who prepared course material for Northeastern University's Building Inspection Certificate program in 1988, subsequently by DF, InspectApedia's editor, for New York University ca 1988 and later, with others, recommended to ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors. ASHI did not adopt this material though currently that association as well as others offer extensive HOME INSPECTOR EDUCATION material. The curriculum and lists of defects are informed by additional analysis of the process of home inspection that was developed beginning Calgary, AB for Canadian and U.S. home inspector education and certification examinations in 1997. Other early contributors to home inspection education in the U.S. and Canada include Dr. Jess Aronstein, Alan Carson, Mike Casey, Mark Cramer, John Cox, Dwight Barnett, Douglas Hansen, Rick Heyl, Larry Hoytt, Bill Merrill, Kevin O'Malley, Dennis Robitalille, Keith Peddie, Pat Porzio, Roger Robinson.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

Home Inspection Education Curriculum - Roof Flashing

1.2   Steep Roof Flashing Defects

1.2.1 Knowledge Base

1.    Describe the function of steep roof flashings.

2.    List five common flashing materials used on steep roofing.

3.    Describe the installation and repair techniques for the following flashings: valley, chimney, pipes or stacks, roof/wall intersections, sloped roofs meeting flat roofs, skylights, eaves, rakes, hips, and ridges.

4.    Define the following terms: open valleys, closed valleys, upstands(Never heard of this term)  JDG, cutting the points, closed cut (half woven) valley, fully woven valley, saddle or cricket, step flashing, counter flashing, pan (trough) flashing.

5.    Identify the codes or standards which apply to steep roof flashings in your area.


1.2.2 Inspection Skills for Roof Flashing Inspection

1.    Describe the inspection procedure for steep roof flashings.

2.    Identify the following common flashing defects listed on the next page.

3.    Describe the implication of each defect.

4.    Identify safety issues for the inspector and occupant of the home (fall hazard and electric shock).

5.    Communicate findings to client verbally and in writing, recommending corrective  action where needed.


Roof & Wall FLASHING DEFECTS List

Eaves Flashing & Roof Edge / Drip Edge Flashing, Typical Defects List

      • Drip Edge Behind gutter

      • Loose

      • Above eave protection

Roof, Wall-Above, Flashings

      • Missing

      • Not continuous

VALLEY FLASHINGS, Typical Defects

      • Above eave protection

      • Above underlayment

      • Closed cut valleys not trimmed 2 inches back 

      • Closed valleys with wrong material 

      • Doesn’t widen at bottom ??

      • Fasteners exposed 

      • Metal pieces too long

      • Missing

      • Windows used as a skylight • Rot

      • No upstand ?? edge break? 

      • Points not cut  • Wrong application

      • Rust

      • Shingles not sealed to metal     

      • Too short     

      • Torn, patched   • Loose, damaged, patched, open seams

      • Wood joints break into valley  

      • Wrong, incomplete flashings

SKYLIGHTS & Skylight Flashing, Typical Defects

      • Damage, patched

      • Leak

      • Rot

      • Skylight or soarium poorly secured to roof

      • Wrong, incomplete flashings

      • Cracked, broken glazing

      • Curb – low, missing

ROOF/SIDEWALL FLASHINGS, Typical Defects

      • Not let into mortar joints

      • Overlap inadequate

      • No step or counter flashings

      • Rust

      • Siding not cut back

      • Step flashings not set into shingles properly

      • Too short or narrow

      • Damaged, loose, open seams, patched

      • Missing

      • Nailed through shingles

      • Not let into mortar joints

      • Open at top

      • Rust

CHIMNEY FLASHINGS, Typical Defects

      • Pan missing, inappropriate

      • Cap flashing too short

      • Cricket missing, loose, damaged 

      • Damaged, loose, open seams, patched  

      • Missing base or cap flashings   

      • Missing top, bottom, side flashings

      • Not let into mortar joints   JDG Very rarely done today  

      • Overlap inadequate on base or cap flashings

      • Rust     

      • Side base flashings not set into shingles properly    

      • Side base flashings too short   

Plumbing Vent PIPE / STACK FLASHINGS 

      • Open at top

      • Rust

      • Damaged

      • Exposed, missing fasteners

      • In a valley

      • Missing

      • Rust

      • Top of flashing exposed or bottom buried

      • Vertically misaligned

      • Wrong material or wrong size

HIP AND RIDGE FLASHINGS DRIP EDGE FLASHINGS, Typical Defects

      • Coming apart

      • Exposed fasteners not sealed

      • Excessive exposure

      • Loose, misaligned, missing

      • Overlaps not alternated (wood)

      • Poor fastening

      • Rust      • Rust

      • Too short


Low Slope Roof Flashing Defects, Typical Defects

      • Caulking, sealant dried out or  cracked

      • Clamps or termination bars loose

      • Counter flashings not let into masonry

      • Damaged, loose, bent

      • Drain or scuppers missing, clogged,  ineffective

      • Fasteners loose, rust, missing

      • Incompatible materials

      • Leaks

      • Membrane stretched

      • Missing, too short

      • Old, worn out

      • Open at seams or ends

      • Patched

      • Ponding on wall flashings (horizontal parts)

      • Pitch pockets not filled

      • Rust

      • Sagging or slipping (base flashings)

      • Skylight curb missing or too short

      • Skylight not well secured

 

Readers should see ROOFING INSPECTION & REPAIR for our complete list of articles on this topic. Also see HOME & BUILDING INSPECTORS & INSPECTION METHODS. Use the Search Box at the top or bottom of these pages to find in-depth information about building, energy savings, and indoor environment inspection, diagnosis and repair at this website.

Watch out: these inspection lists do not list all possible defects for the systems discussed, and not all home or building inspectors will examine all of the items listed here. CONTACT us to suggest corrections or additions to articles at this website.

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & answers about troubleshooting roof flashing leaks.

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  • InspectAPedia.com® - Daniel Friedman - Publisher & Editor.
  • InspectAPedia Bookstore lists recommended books, organized by topic & available for purchase. Most of our articles also list books on the specific article topic as well as other references, and information sources.
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  • Additional technical contributors & reference sources for this article are listed below.

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

See these roof flashing articles to look for examples of foul-ups that can produce roof leaks at flashings:

ROOF FLASHING DEFECTS LIST
FLASHING, ASPHALT SHINGLE VALLEYS
FLASHING, CLAY TILE ROOFS
FLASHING MEMBRANES PEEL & STICK
FLASHING for METAL ROOFS
FLASHING ROOF WALL DETAILS
FLASHING ROOF-WALL SNAFU
FLASHING SIDING DETAILS
FLASHING WALL DETAILS
FLASHING WOOD ROOF DETAILS
Chimney Flashing Mistakes & Leaks

  • Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 info@carsondunlop.com. Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission to use illustrations from their publication, The Illustrated Home which illustrates construction details and building components. Carson Dunlop provides home inspection education including the ASHI-adopted Home Inspection Training Program (home study course), publications such as the Home Reference Book, report writing materials including the Horizon report writer, and home inspection services. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
  • Mark Cramer Inspection Services Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, Mr. Cramer is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors and is a Florida home inspector and home inspection educator. Contact Mark Cramer at: 727-595-4211 mark@BestTampaInspector.com 11/06
  • Roger Hankey is principal of Hankey and Brown home inspectors, Eden Prairie, MN. Mr. Hankey is a past chairman of the ASHI Standards Committee. Mr. Hankey has served in other ASHI professional and leadership roles. Contact Roger Hankey at: 952 829-0044 - rhankey@hankeyandbrown.com. Mr. Hankey is a frequent contributor to InspectAPedia.com.
  • Arlene Puentes, an ASHI member and a licensed home inspector in Kingston, NY, and has served on ASHI national committees as well as HVASHI Chapter President. Ms. Puentes can be contacted at ap@octoberhome.com
  • Wikipedia provided background information about some topics discussed at this website provided this citation is also found in the same article along with a " retrieved on" date. NOTE: because Wikipedia entries are fluid and can be amended in real time, we cite the retrieval date of Wikipedia citations and we do not assert that the information found there is necessarily authoritative.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • ASHI Certification Links
  • Home Inspection Reports - a Critique narrative vs. checklist type home inspection reports
  • ASHI Standards of Practice - Jan 2000 and ASHI Standards History - links to older and alternative versions of Home Inspection Standards
  • ASHI Code of Ethics 1993, and ASHI Ethics History - links to older versions; Note: newer may be found at ASHI
  • ASHI in 1996 ASHI History - association description from 1996
  • American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI) Official Website
  • Basement Moisture Control, U.S. Department of Energy
  • Building Pathology, Deterioration, Diagnostics, and Intervention, Samuel Y. Harris, P.E., AIA, Esq., ISBN 0-471-33172-4, John Wiley & Sons, 2001 [General building science-DF] ISBN-10: 0471331724 ISBN-13: 978-0471331728
  • Building Pathology: Principles and Practice, David Watt, Wiley-Blackwell; 2 edition (March 7, 2008) ISBN-10: 1405161035 ISBN-13: 978-1405161039
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
    Building inspection education & report writing systems from Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd

  • Crawl Space Moisture Control, U.S. Department of Energy
  • Historic Preservation Technology: A Primer, Robert A. Young, Wiley (March 21, 2008) ISBN-10: 0471788368 ISBN-13: 978-0471788362
  • ...

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