Chimney Safety Alert - US Consumer Product Safety Commission CPSC Document #5017, Expanded

Wood stove heating safety warning: most fires start in the chimney, not the woodstove
US CPSC Safety Alert to check fire clearances and chimney condition, edited & expanded version
Additional wood and coal heating safety suggestions from InspectAPedia.com
Questions & Answers about the fire safety clearances required for woodstoves and other wood-fired heaters
References

Click to Show or Hide Related Topics

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

This article provides woodstove chimney and flue safety advice from the U.S. CPSC in an expanded, illustrated version. Because most wood stove-related house fires are traced to unsafe wood stove chimney or flue installations, these safety warnings, installation and chimney installation and inspection advice are important to anyone using a woodstove (or coal stove) in their home.

Wood Heat Safety Alert: Check Chimney Clearances and Chimney Condition

See CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE. Also see Chimney Height Extensions and see the US CPSC warnings at CHIMNEY CLEARANCE & CONDITION SAFETY. Additional chimney clearance and safety information is at
CREOSOTE FIRE HAZARDS
Fire Clearances for Masonry Chimneys and
Fire Clearances for Metal Chimneys and
Fire Clearances, Single-Wall Metal Flues and if you are using a conventional fireplace, also see FIREPLACES & HEARTHS

"In 1982, wood-burning appliances accounted for more fires, more fire deaths, and greater property damage than any other kind of heating fuel -- about 140,000 fires, 250 deaths and $257 million in property damage.

These losses represented 20 percent of all residential fires in the U.S., 5 percent of all fire deaths, and 8 percent of estimated property damage." -- CPSC Chimney Safety Document #5017.

Whether your heater is a woodstove, coal stove, or even a gas fired free-standing stove or heater such as shown in the photo above showing a church heater, a fire-safe installation includes respecting the necessary clearances from combustibles and other measures too.

CPSC research indicates that most wood heating fires involve the chimney and not the appliance itself. The majority of these fires are contained within the chimney and cause no damage to the house.

The Commission is concerned, however, not only about the chimney fires that did ignite other parts of the house, but also about the potential future hazard from the continued use of chimneys whose structural integrity has been compromised by a chimney fire. This is especially true in light of the fact that many contained chimney fires are not reported to the fire services; in fact, consumers may not even be aware that a chimney fire has occurred.

Therefore, the Consumer Product Safety Commission is issuing a special safety alert concerning chimneys used with wood burning stoves, fireplaces, and fireplace inserts. The Commission urgently warns consumers to be aware of the potential fire hazards associated with these chimneys.

Now that the nation has entered the heating season, the Commission strongly urges you, if you have a stove or fireplace, to check the chimney for any damage that may have occurred in the past heating season. If it is difficult to examine the chimney, a local chimney repairman, chimney "sweep," or dealer can help. Have any damage repaired NOW.

Most fires involving either masonry or prefabricated metal chimneys occur because of improper installation, use or maintenance. The Commission staff has identified the following common causes of fires:

Improper chimney installation too close to wood framing.
Installation of thermal insulation too close to the chimney.
Improperly passing the stovepipe or chimney through a ceiling or wall, causing ignition of wood framing.
Structural damage to the chimney caused by the ignition of creosote (a black tar-like substance that builds up inside the chimney in normal use).

Structural damage to metal prefabricated chimneys that results in wood framing being exposed to excessive temperatures or leakage of potentially toxic gases to the interior of the home can take the following forms:

Corrosion or rusting of the inner liners of metal chimneys.
Buckling, separation of the seam, or collapsing of the inner liner of metal chimneys. (This can result from too hot a fire, especially in high-efficiency stoves and in fireplace inserts, or from a creosote fire.)

Structural damage also occurs in masonry chimneys, often associated with deterioration or improper installation of the chimney. The tile inner liner and the surrounding brick or block structure may crack and separate, perhaps as a result of the ignition of creosote that has built up in the chimney. Many old chimneys do not have a tile liner. If your chimney does not have a liner, the addition of a properly installed liner is advisable. Also, a clay liner should be sealed with refractory cement.

Even when the heating appliance is properly installed, people with either metal or masonry chimney systems should frequently check the chimney for creosote deposits, soot build-up, or physical damage. This involves only a simple visual examination, but it should be done as often as twice a month during heavy use. If you see heavy creosote buildup, suspect a problem, or have had a chimney fire, a qualified chimney repairman or chimney "sweep" should perform a complete safety inspection. They can arrange for any necessary repairs or creosote removal, which must be done before the heating appliance is used again.

There are products now available which, according to recent tests conducted by independent laboratories, show promise for reducing the production of creosote and harmful pollutant emissions. Advance wood stove designs appear to provide more complete combustion of the fuel. Catalytic combustors appear to achieve similar results, and are available with new stoves or as separate components which can be installed between the flue gas exit and the chimney connector of existing stoves.

The Commission advises owners of all chimneys to:

Be sure that the chimney and stovepipe were installed correctly in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and local codes. If there is any doubt, a building inspector or fire official can determine whether the system is properly installed.
Minimize creosote formation by using proper stove size and avoiding using low damper settings for extended periods of time.

[DF: and burn dry low-sap firewood, not green firewood; some woodstove manufacturers recommend burring the stove with a hot fire for some period of time at least once daily during the heating season. Also, don't buy a woodstove that is too big for the area to be heated - the result will be running the stove too long at low damper settings which increases the risk of creosote formation in the chimney]
Have the chimney checked and cleaned routinely by a chimney "sweep" at least once a year. Inspect it frequently, as often as twice a month if necessary, and clean when a creosote buildup is noted.

[DF: see Chimney Cleaning Advice, Procedures for details and additional advice]
Always operate your appliance within the manufacturer's recommended temperature limits. Too low a temperature increases creosote buildup, and too high a temperature may eventually cause damage to the chimney and result in a fire.

[DF: inexpensive magnetic stovepipe thermometers for woodstoves can indicate when your chimney is dangerously hot]
Frequently look for signs of structural failure

[DF: the CPSC means to perform a visual inspection of the chimney for damage. See CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR]

If you have had a fire or other safety problem with your chimney, or would like additional information, call the Commission's toll-free Hotline 800-638-CPSC.

DF: additional safety advice for people heating with wood stoves or coal stoves can be found at Wood Burning Heaters Fireplaces Stoves.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

...

Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia

Questions & answers or comments about the fire safety clearances required for woodstoves and other wood-fired heaters

Ask a Question or Enter Search Terms in the InspectApedia search box just below.

Technical Reviewers & References

Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.

Chimneys & Flues, safety concerns, inspection methods, repair, chimney relining methods, chimney replacement, new installation alternatives; and direct-vent alternatives to chimneys for heating furnaces & boilers
Unlined Chimney Flues: Safety Requirements old chimneys may be unsafe
Chimney Safety Alert for Wood Burning Appliances - US CPSC Alert Document 5017, wood stoves, fireplace inserts
Chimney Safety Alert for Metal Chimneys - US CPSC Alert Document 5047, metal chimneys, wood and coal stove safety

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.

The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.


	InspectAPedia^®	InspectAPedia
	Free Encyclopedia of Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, Repair	Ask a Question or Search InspectAPedia

Free Encyclopedia of Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, Repair