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Exterior Stucco & EIFS Stucco Wall System installation, inspection, diagnosis, repair
- Stucco & EIFS Stucco recipes, installation, painting troubleshooting, & repair
- EIFS - synthetic stucco Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems" or "barrier", a synthetic stucco
- EIFS inspections, EIFS leak diagnosis, EIFS repairs, EIFS or synthetic stucco litigation
- Proper installation methods for synthetic stucco on buildings
- Recipes for conventional stucco, thinset stucco coatings
- STUCCO WALL WEATHER BARRIERS - Choices of weather resistive barriers, housewrap products, moisture barriers for use beneath stucco walls
- SIDING EIFS & STUCCO
- STUCCO EIFS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS & SIDING EIFS WALL LEAK POINTS - separate articles
- STUCCO RECIPES & APPLICATION & STUCCO THIN COAT APPLICATION - separate articles
- SIDING EIFS STUCCO PAINT FAILURES - separate article
- Questions & Answers about stucco wall coatings: types, installation, cracks, diagnosis, & repair
- References
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InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.
Stucco wall construction, inspection, troubleshooting, repair guide: Here we describe the inspection, diagnosis, repair, and proper installation of both traditional stucco building wall surfacing and synthetic stucco EIFS systems. We describe traditional and synthetic stucco; we review the use of weather barriers on building walls beneath stucco coatings. EIFS is an abbreviation for "Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems" or "barrier", a synthetic stucco material which
is usually applied over a system of solid foam insulation board and synthetic fabrics to form a stucco building exterior
surface. There have been substantial building failures and costly damage at many EIFS
covered buildings, primarily because the EIFS-covered building exterior may leak into the building walls but the foam insulation
used beneath this stucco method may not allow moisture to escape from building cavities. We discuss stucco installation, troubleshooting, repairs, leaks, painting and other related topics.
Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.
Synthetic Stucco, EIFS Siding Products, Failures, Litigation, Services
EIFS Wall Construction Photos & Details
Below we illustrate the construction of an EIFS barrier wall - on a Barnes & Noble bookstore being built in Poughkeepsie, NY (1999).
The workers are nailing solid styrofoam board to the plywood building sheathing. On walls with few penetrations (below right) or other opportunities to make an installation mistake, EIFS has performed well (in our OPINION).
Common Causes of Leaks in EIFS Walls
Our page top photo shows the Gieseke home under construction in Tucson, AZ in 2007. Here is a photo of the completed structure. Below are photos of New York EIFS-clad home that we inspected after the owner complained of chronic leaks into the structure. At below right was one of quite a few leak points we found. We confirmed actual leakage at these faults by a gentle mist-spray from a garden hose, simulating rain. This home typified the EIFS leak and hidden damage problem: a conceptually sound barrier wall design won't function properly if it is too vulnerable to errors during construction or damage afterwards.
In a nutshell, while stucco on building exteriors is a very old technology with centuries of success, even of limited wall leak tolerance, leaks into the structure of an EIFS-covered building can cause major mold, rot, and structural damage because water leaks into the structure from
installation defects (very common), holes, or damaged siding.
EIFS synthetic stucco product manufacturers provide detailed installation guides that should be meticulously followed by builders. EIFS manufacturers state that if their materials are installed according to
their specifications there will not be problems with this synthetic stucco method.
 But we have rarely found a residential building at which the demanding and
detailed product specifications have been followed during installation, and in our OPINION, the specifications may be just too demanding for many residential EIFS installers.
EIFS siding material has been the subject of failures and litigation.
The photographs above are of an EIFS building exterior showing the attractive EIFS finish in the left photo and
a typical wall leak at an improperly installed window sill in the right-hand photo. Further invasive inspection found rot and damage
in building walls at multiple locations where penetrations or absent flashing or caulking had led to leaks.
Our photo (left) shows an inspection point on a recently-constructed EIFS sided building. While the wall looked great from outside, inside the building. this wall cavity was wet and moldy. We were surprised to find wind-blown leaks just under the eaves of the soffit overhangs where the manufacturer-recommended backer rod and sealant had been omitted..
At another EIFS building we investigated and one which was in litigation, the EIFS installation contractor defended a defective EIFS
installation (no caulking, no sealants, no flashing) by arguing that the prime contractor was responsible for those details and that his
contract excluded those details.
He was "just
hired to apply the stucco system". In view of the fact that "application" of the particular manufacturer's stucco system called for
numerous sealing details, not one of which was followed, this was a ridiculous argument. Damages were substantial.
EIFS, Synthetic Stucco, Dryvit, Sto wall type system failure investigations, EIFS leaks, building rot from siding leaks,
EIFS defects-caused mold damage, EIFS siding inspection and repair methods are discussed at the links to articles, attorneys, associations, and product manufacturers
listed at this website.
EIFS Performance & Background
 The EIFS schematic at left is provided courtesy of Steven Bliss & J Wiley & Sons [13] and illustrates the layers in a typical EIFS installation and is detailed further at STUCCO EIFS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS. [Click this or any of our images to see an enlarged, detailed version.]
Williams & Williams provide a thorough description of EIFS, its components, and its design principles in their contributions to Water in Exterior Building Walls [12], a useful text on that topic - excerpting & adapting:
Composite nature of EIFS: ... EIFS claddings are barrier walls (see WALL CONSTRUCTION BARRIER vs CAVITY) that are intended to shed exterior water, stop water intrusion, and keep the building interior dry. EIFS are highly integrated composite systems. [EIFS walls] incorporate several material layers: finish coat, base coat, reinforcement, and insulation board.
EIFS coatings and reinforcement are applied to rigid insulation board that has been attached to the building substrate. To achieve proper system functioning, system materials are assembled to create a single, unified barrier in which all components act as one.
Key role of the EIFS Lamina: The primary EIFS barrier against water intrusion is the lamina, consisting of finish and base coats together with system reinforcement. The lamina acts as a waterproofing layer between the outside of the building and the insulation board. The base coat is the component most responsible for moisture protection. Its acrylic polymer constituents coalesce upon drying and form a continuous matrix capable of resisting water intrusion.
The base coat also imparts flexibility to the system and resists cracking, with the aid of embedded fiberglass mesh. ... Defects that originate in the lamina or develop in the lamina as a result of other system deficiencies can threaten the water-tight conditions essential to a properly functioning EIFS barrier wall. This is of particular concern when the EIFS barrier claddings are adhesively attached to paper-faced gypsum substrates.[12].
Our EIFS damage photograph (left) shows how water or moisture traps can form in an EIFS wall even in a building interior, leading
to substantial damage where an "EIFS" system was applied over paper faced gypsum substrate referred to by Williams & Williams above.
(Photograph courtesy of home inspector John Rudy [14]). |
As detailed at STUCCO WALL METHODS & INSTALLATION and in the printed text Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction
When originally imported from Europe to the United
States in the 1970s, most exterior insulation and finish systems
(EIFS) were “barrier” type systems. They were designed
to create a waterproof exterior skin consisting of a
thin layer of acrylic polymer-based synthetic stucco directly
applied to foam insulation.
The expanded polystyrene
(EPS) foam was glued to the building’s sheathing.
A layer of fiberglass cloth embedded in the synthetic
stucco provided reinforcement, and a thin acrylic finish
coat added color and texture.
With the EPS glued directly to the sheathing, there
was no place for building paper or conventional flashings
at penetrations. Openings, joints, and penetrations relied
on caulks and sealants for waterproofing. With no backup
waterproofing or drainage layer, there was little margin for
error.
While these systems performed adequately in Europe
for nearly 25 years, the United States version had thinner
base coats and lower polymer content, creating a weaker
skin. Also, workmanship in the United States was often inferior
due to lack of applicator training and quality-control
programs.
When water leaked into these systems through
failed caulk joints, cracks in the stucco skin, or through
the window frames themselves, it wet the foam insulation,
sheathing, and sometimes the structural framework.
The water running down the building interior wall (photo above left) was traced to omission of the manufacturer-specified sealant methods at the top of the building exterior wall. Wind-blown rain entered the wall top just below the soffit overhang, wet the wall interior cavity, and finally appeared on the foundation walls below.
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At our photo guide to some common leak points found on EIFS clad buildings SIDING EIFS WALL LEAK POINTS, one of our our EIFS leak point photographs shows a leaky window detail at an EIFS-clad building in New York.
This
installation error in turn led to more sealant failures and cracking of the surface
and additional leakage. The EPS foam acted like a
sponge, trapping water against the building, and the nonporous
polymer coatings retarded drying. In many cases
the leakage and resulting decay was extensive, resulting in
widespread property damage and litigation.
To continue reading about how EIFS wall system manufacturers addressed these concerns, see STUCCO EIFS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
If you are an EIFS manufacturer, installer, or EIFS inspector, contact us at LINK EXCHANGE to add listings - there is no fee.
A photo guide to some common leak points found on EIFS clad buildings is at SIDING EIFS WALL LEAK POINTS.
Readers should see PAINT on STUCCO, FAILURES and also see STUCCO OVER FOAM INSULATION - choices of insulation and support for stucco over foam insulation over masonry walls. Readers may also want to review POLYISOCYANURATE FOAM INSULATION.
Conventional Building Wall Stucco Installation, Painting, & Troubleshooting
See these articles:
STUCCO WALL METHODS & INSTALLATION
STUCCO RECIPES & APPLICATION
STUCCO THIN COAT APPLICATION
STUCCO PAINT FAILURES
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Stucco Wall Coating types, installation, cracks, diagnosis, & repair
Question: use of peel-and-stick membranes as waterproofing under stucco wall covering?
 In various areas of house having to be re-stuccoed, I.e. at various walls sections, where wall intersects with roof, at chimney, the contractor has used peel-and-stick membrane (boral protectowrap, as used in underlayment for re-roofing), to cover whole sections of walls for waterproofing beneath the newly, reapplied stucco.
Question 1: I am concerned with any problems in using this roofing material for waterproofing in the walls.
We are located in Northern Florida, Ponte Vedra Beach, and concerned with the hot, tropical climate this waterproof membrane may create an barrier inside the wall, leading to problems with moisture and wood decay within the wall cavity.
Most of the wall areas are stucco, one masonry.
Question 2: I understand there are similar peel and stick products developed specifically for wall against water intrusion, but the contractor used the same peel and stick from the roofing for our walls. Is this an issue?
Thank you!
Homeowner - 7/19/2012
Reply:
A competent onsite inspection by an expert usually finds additional clues that help accurately diagnose a problem with building leaks and moisture and with stucco wall-covering application. That said, I'm a little confused about your question as you say that the contractor used a peel-and-stick waterproofing membrane
"at various walls sections, where wall intersects with roof, at chimney"
and later
"to cover whole sections of walls for waterproofing beneath the newly, reapplied stucco"
Housewrap Products Designed Specifically for Use Under Stucco Wall Coatings
The traditional moisture barrier used beneath exterior wall stucco was building paper or roofing felt. [9] (see FELT 15# ROOFING, as HOUSEWRAP/VAPOR BARRIER)
On the new-construction stucco covered exterior walls that I've inspected the usual procedure has been to cover the wall with a housewrap designed for use under stucco. The wrap is water proof but not moisture proof, keeping water out of the wall but allowing moisture in the wall to escape. In the trade lingo these are called "weather resistive barriers (WRBs) and they are intended to prevent water from leaking into the wall sheathing or wall cavity. There are a number of building standards intended to address the resistance of wall finish systems to leaks and water penetration.
- StuccoWrap: An example of a housewrap specifically designed for use under stucco is StuccoWrap, a non-woven polyolefin fabric with a perm rating of 50.0 and designed for use under both traditional and synthetic stucco wall applications. The product may reduce stucco cracking because it does not itself absorb water nor expand or contract. This is a Tyvek product that is designed for stucco or masonry wall applications. It includes a corrugated surface and is compatible with the chemicals in stucco. Those chemicals might react with other housewrap products; we have not found an authoritative citation evaluating the use of smooth or rough zero-perm peel and stick membranes in that application. [7][8]
- DuPont™ Tyvek® CommercialWrap® D is also recommended for use under stucco and is designed to work with both traditional stucco and synethetic stucco products. It too uses a grooved surface to improve drainage as part of synthetic or EIFS stucco systems.[10]
We do use zero-perm peel-and-stick membrane tapes regularly around windows and doors in exterior walls, as you can review at FLASHING MEMBRANES PEEL & STICK.
Peel & Stick Membranes under Stucco Wall Coatings?
 Note that while StuccoWrap has a perm rating of 50 and other housewrap products also are moisture permeable, the perm rating of peel and stick membranes is generally close to zero. In some climates such as in northern areas where there is a significant heating season, putting a zero-perm barrier on the outside of the wall under the finish wall covering is asking for trouble with future wall cavity condensation and leaks or rot (VAPOR BARRIERS & CONDENSATION in buildings and VAPOR BARRIERS & HOUSEWRAP).
Our photo (left) shows a granule-coated peel-and-stick roof membrane during metal roof installation. The peel-and-stick membrane shown is waterproof and protected the building for several weeks while waiting for the metal roof to arrive. It is a roofing product, not a wall product. Photo courtesy Galow Homes.
In your area, Florida, where the climate is hot and very humid, it is imaginable to place the peel-and-stick zero perm vapor barrier on the exterior side of the building exterior walls to avoid moisture condensation within the wall cavity when the home is air conditioned and thus cooled inside.
See STUCCO WAll FAILURES DUE TO WEATHER but there may be other issues about drainage, drying, curing, etc. on which your stucco system manufacturer would have a say.
 Peel and stick roof underlayments
In the humid South, the peel-and-stick membrane products used on roofs as a roofing underlayment (UNDERLAYMENT REQUIREMENTS on ROOFS) might work acceptably under stucco in that any fasteners driven into the wall to support whatever method is being used to support the stucco itself (wire mesh? foam?) will be sealed where driven through the sticky membrane.
And some products such as shown in our photo (of a not so hot installation on a low slope roof) include grooves that might assist drainage.
Peel and stick foundation wall & specialty water barriers
The peel-and-stick vertical surface or "wall" waterproofing membranes on the market usually indicate that they are designed for use below grade level as an improvement in foundation waterproofing.
None of these that we reviewed described the use of the product under above-ground stucco-covered walls. Some examples:
- NUDURA® Damproofing/Waterproofing Membrane [5]
- Jiffy Seal® 140/60 60 mil, polyester reinforced, peel and stick sheet waterproofing. Quoting:
... for use on foundation walls, decks, balconies, bathrooms, terraces, split slabs, parking structures and anywhere a positive waterproofing membrane may be needed. [4]
A principal difference I've observed between the two peel-and-stick roof vs vertical wall products (by eye, not any chemical test) is that roof-use peel and stick membranes are thicker (more than 1mm) and include a roughened surface principally to help prevent workers from slipping and sliding down off of the roof during installation. That coating may also provide some durability during temporary weather exposure as on some projects roofers dry-in the building with peel-and-stick over the whole roof while waiting for specialty roofing products to arrive at the jobsite, sometimes weeks later.
Both product types, roof and wall, are intended to be absolutely waterproof if installed as directed.
More Housewrap Details & Choices are at
HOUSEWRAP AIR & VAPOR BARRIERS
HOUSEWRAP INSTALLATION DETAILS
HOUSEWRAP PRODUCT CHOICES
HOUSEWRAP at SILLS, SOLES, TOP PLATES
Bottom line:
You did not indicate what type nor product brand of stucco is being installed on your home (STUCCO WALL METHODS & INSTALLATION), nor whether local building permits and code compliance inspections are being applied.
If I were the builder or onsite investigator, I'd find out what stucco system and product was being installed, and then I would both review the stucco's installation instructions and their specifications for the housewrap or weather barrier called-for beneath their product. Usually these specifications are very extensive, detailed, and sometimes not fully followed, and I would contact the stucco product manufacturer directly to ask their advice.
To approach this topic from the top, see WATER BARRIERS, EXTERIOR.
...
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Technical Reviewers & References
Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
- [1] Thanks to Michael Leavitt, an professional home inspector, for help with the EIFS resource links.
- [2] Mara and Andy Gieseke, Tucson AZ, are contributors to InspectAPedia.com including photographs used at SIDING EIFS & STUCCO, Cracks at Control Joints in Concrete and ROT, FUNGUS, TERMITES, and are family members of website publisher Daniel Friedman.
- [3] Steven Bliss served as editorial director and co-publisher of The Journal of Light Construction for 16 years and previously as building technology editor for Progressive Builder and Solar Age magazines. He worked in the building trades as a carpenter and design/build contractor for more than ten years and holds a masters degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
Excerpts from his recent book, Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, Wiley (November 18, 2005) ISBN-10: 0471648361, ISBN-13: 978-0471648369, appear throughout this website, with permission and courtesy of Wiley & Sons. Best Practices Guide is available from the publisher, J. Wiley & Sons, and also at Amazon.com.
- [4] Jiffy Seal ® 140 / 60
Jiffy Seal®, "Waterproofing Systems", Protecto Wrap Company, 2255 South Delaware, Denver CO 80223, Tel: 800-759-9727. This product is 140/60 60 mil, polyester reinforced, peel and stick sheet waterproofing membrane for use on foundation walls, decks, balconies, bathrooms, terraces, split slabs, parking structures and anywhere a positive waterproofing membrane may be needed., Web search 7/19/12, original source: http://www.protectowrap.com/waterproofing-solutions/, [Copy on file as JiffySeal_Membrane.pdf]
- [5] Nudura® Damproofing/Waterproofing Membrane, "Damproofing/Waterproofing, Peel & Stick Membrane", Nudura Corporation, Web search 7/19/12, [Copy on file as Nudura_Membrane.pdf]
- [6] Dave Olson, "Weather Resistive Barriers: Building Science Makes a Case for Two Layers", Technical Services Manager, Fortifiber Building Systems, Corp. , retrieved 7/18/12, original source: http://www.fortifiber.com/pdf/News_Info/Building%20Science%20Makes
%20a%20Case%20for%20Two%20Layers.pdf, [copy on file as Olson_Weather_Barriers.pdf]
- [7] Fernando Pages Ruiz, "Making Sense of Housewraps", Fine Home Building, Feb/Mar 2006, web search 7/18/12, original source http://www.finehomebuilding.com/PDF/Free/021177066.pdf [copy on file as Housewrap_Fine_HomeB.pdf]
- [8] StuccoWrap, Tyvek Corporation, website www.tyvek.com, web search 7/18/12
- [9] "The Application of Stucco", www.sfu.ca, web search 7/18/12, original source: http://www.sfu.ca/~nicolea/books/Chapter04.htm, [copy on file as Stucco_App_3_SFU.pdf and Stucco_App_4_SFU.pdf]
- [10] "Architect FAQs, Is DuPont™ Tyvek® CommercialWrap® D recommended under stucco instead of DuPont™ Tyvek® CommercialWrap®?", Dupont Corporation, web search 7/18/20, original source: http://www2.dupont.com/Tyvek_Weatherization/en_US/tech_info/faqs_architects.html, [copy on file as Tyvek_Stucco.pdf & CommercialWrap_product_specs.pdf]
- [11]Eric Galow, Galow Homes, Lagrangeville, NY. Mr. Galow can be reached by email: ericgalow@gmail.com or by telephone: 914-474-6613. Mr. Galow specializes in residential construction including both new homes and repairs, renovations, and additions.
- [12] Williams, M.F., Williams B.L., "Water Intrusion in Barrier and Cavity / Rain Screen Walls", Water in Exterior Building Walls: Problems and Solutions, ASTM STP 1107, Thomas A. Schwartz, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, ASHRAE, Philadelphia, 1991, retrieved 8/10/12, Abstract:
Exterior walls are designed and constructed using barrier or cavity / rain screen wall principles. Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) are typically constructed as barrier walls; masonry is often constructed as a cavity wall. These wall systems are discussed along with common deficiencies that allow water intrusion to occur.
[Mark F. Williams and Barbara Lamp Williams are president and vice president respectively of Kenny/Williams/Williams, Inc., a building diagnostics firm at 945 Tennis Ave., Maple Glen PA 19002.]
- [13] Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, by Steven Bliss. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN-10: 0471648361, ISBN-13: 978-0471648369, Hardcover: 320 pages, available from Amazon.com and also Wiley.com. See our book review of this publication.
- [14] John Rudy, Advantage Home Inspections, Flemington N.J. 08822 home inspector, 908-806- 6364, Home, Radon & Termite Inspections, Central & Parts of North New Jersey, email: jonadvantage1@yahoo.com
 Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 info@carsondunlop.com. The firm provides professional home inspection services & home inspection education & publications. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors. Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The Home Reference Book & illustrations from The Illustrated Home. Carson Dunlop Associates' provides:
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Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
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Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter inspectaehrb in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
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- Logan Gray, LEED Green Associate, BAE/MAE Architectural Engineering, "EIFS Failures Overview", The Pennsylvania State University 2012, retrieved 11/15/2012, original source: http://failures.wikispaces.com/EIFS+Failures+Overview. Additional EIFS Synthetic Stucco Studies, Failures, Research citations suggested by Mr. Gray's article include:
- Bomberg, M., K. Kumaran, and K. Day. (October 01, 1999) "Moisture Management of EIFS Walls-- Part 2: Classification of EIFS Systems." Journal of Building Physics, Vol. 23. 159-172. http://jen.sagepub.com/content/23/2/159
This paper outlines and describes five different moisture management strategies for EIFS. The basis of this research was done to improve the relationship between design practice and climatic conditions for wall moisture protection.
- Bomberg, M. T., J. W. Lstiburek, and F. Nabhan. (January 01, 1997). "Long-term, Hygrothermal Performance of Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS)." Journal of Thermal Insulation and Building Envelopes, Vol. 20. 227-248.
This paper is divided into three parts: 1. the assessment of materials of EIFS; characterizing their hygrothermal performance, 2. development of a new test for evaluating EIFS integrity under simulated climatic cycling, and 3. recommendations for EIFS design solutions and construction details for new and retrofit construction.
- Boyd, Jon M. and Scheffler, Michael J. (June 1999). “Water Problems in Building Exterior Walls: Evaluation, Prevention, and Repair.” Symposium Atlanta, Georgia. (April 18-19, 1998).
The papers in this symposium are presented to expand the understanding of water behavior in building wall systems. Some specific case studies are looked at to provide practical and informative insight.
- Cheple, Marilou, M.S., and Patrick H. Huelman, M.S. (February 15, 2000). “Literature Review of Exterior Insulation Finish Systems and Stucco Finishes.” Cold Climate Housing Program, University of Minnesota.
This document reviews literature and research related to water intrusion in EIFS and stucco systems. Most of the research in the paper addresses problem identification and remediation.
- Dow Corning. “EIFS Restoration Guide.”
This bulletin provides installation and field testing instructions for Dow Corning brand sealants, coatings, and primers for EIFS applications.
- Hall, N., Ph.D., P.E., A.I.A. “Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems.”
This paper provides insight into EIFS systems by defining the types, addressing common problems, identifying industry groups, and outlining current news topics.
- Keclik, Gary B. and Maino, Amanda L. (2008). "Lessons learned for exterior insulation finish systems.” AEI 2008: Building Integration Solutions. http://dx.doi.org.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/10.1061/41002(328)49
This presentation, later turned into a paper, showcases an EIFS failure that highlights many common deficiencies that lead to damage.
- Kumaran, M. K., and A. N. Karagiozis. (1998). "Drying Potential of EIFS Walls: Innovative Vapor Control Strategies." International Council for Building, Vol. 213. 493-509.
This paper presents a study to determine the drying potential of EIFS systems. Three vapor control strategies were use to investigate the systems’ hygrothermic performance characteristics.
- Lampo, Richard G., and Johnathon C. Trovillion. (1990). "Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) on U.S. Army Facilities: Lessons Learned." Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. (October 1990).
This report outlines problems typically found with EIFS, and recommendations for preventing and correcting such problems in new and existing buildings.
- Lucuik, M. (2007). “Estimating the Environmental Consequences of Building Envelope Failures.” ASHRAE Buildings X Conference. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/buildings/2012/Session%20PDFs/238_New.pdf >
This paper demonstrates the embodied effects related to premature building envelope failures and how they can be estimated. These failures are then made relevant to other environmental effects.
- Nelson, Peter E., and Richard E. Kroll. (1996). Exterior Insulation Finish Systems (EIFS): Materials, Properties, and Performance. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM, (December 1996). Print.
This is the second international symposium that presents recommended changes, improvements, and refinements of existing concepts used with EIFS systems.
- Piper, R., and R. Kenney. (1992). "EIFS Performance Review." Journal of Light Construction.
This paper provides installation tips and techniques that should mitigate the occurrence of common problems found in EIFS.
- Thomas, Robert G. (1992). Exterior Insulation and Finish System Design Handbook. Vashon Island, WA. CMD Associates. Print.
This book provides basic, independent technical information about EIFS. It goes as far as to point out what works and what does not.
- Williams, Mark F,, and R. Lampo. (1995). Development, Use, and Performance of Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS). Philadelphia, PA: ASTM. Print.
In this publication, 28 papers are presented addressing EIFS. The papers have been divided into six main categories: history, material and system performance, standards and building codes, maintenance and retrofit use, sealant joints, and new material and system developments.
- ...
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- Master List of EIFS Resources Synthetic Stucco articles: attorneys, claims
assistance, EIFS inspection procedures, EIFS installation details etc. are provided by articles linked to from
this list of synthetic stucco articles, product manufacturers, associations
- Class Action Settlement for Senergy and Thoro brands of EIFS was completed the Superior Court of the State of North Carolina, Hanover County
- "Weather-Resistive Barriers [copy on file as /interiors/Weather_Resistant_Barriers_DOE.pdf ] - ", how to select and install housewrap and other types of weather resistive barriers, U.S. DOE
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