How does Lead Enter the Human Body?
What are the Effects of Lead Poisoning?
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By offering simple steps to protect your family from lead poisoning, this document provides advice for reducing the risk of lead poisoning for families living in homes
where lead exposure is suspected, likely, or where lead contamination is actually confirmed by testing.
The original U.S. CPSC document is public domain. We have made additions to the technical depth of this article and we have added additional important detail about lead hazards
- these are indicated by a [bracketed note in italics]. The additional text or commentary, website design, links, and references are independent material.
Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.
How does Lead Get Into the Human Body?
1 out of every 11 children in the United States has dangerous levels of lead in the bloodstream.
Even children who appear healthy can have dangerous levels of lead.
People can get lead in their body if they:
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Put their hands or other objects covered with lead dust in their mouths.
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Eat paint chips or soil that contain lead.
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Breathe in lead dust (especially during renovations that disturb painted surfaces).
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Lead is even more dangerous to children than adults because:
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Babies and young children often put their hands and other objects in their mouths. These objects can have lead dust on them.
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Children's growing bodies absorb more lead.
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Children's brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead.
What are the Effects of Lead Poisoning on the Human Body?
If not detected early, children with high levels of lead in their bodies can suffer from:
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Damage to the brain and nervous system
- Behavior and learning problems (such as hyperactivity)
- Slowed growth
- Hearing problems
- Headaches
Lead is also harmful to adults. Adults can suffer from:
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Difficulties during pregnancy
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Other reproductive problems (in both men and women)
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High blood pressure
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Digestive problems
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Nerve disorders
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Memory and concentration problems
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Muscle and joint pain
[The Following Addendum by DJ Friedman inserted 2/6/2006]
What are the Symptoms of Extreme Lead Poisoning?
The NY Times article (cited below) reports on the U.N. placement of a large number of Roma
refugees in camps in the north part of Kosovo and located within 200 yards
of large mounds of industrial waste containing lead smelting byproducts.
100,000 to 130,000 people are believed affected by lead poisoning in this area.
Increased vulnerability to lead poisoning occurs where overall health conditions are poor, such as in these camps.
Tests found that all of the children had high levels of lead and other metals: antimony, arsenic, cadmium, and
manganese. The article reports that a test specialist asserted that this population showed the highest
levels of lead ever measured in human hair samples [Dietrich-Runow in email to the Times].
In what appear [to DF and suggested by the article] to be extreme
cases of lead poisoning, the Times reported the following
symptoms and complaints, focused on symptoms appearing in children, though adults were also severely affected:
- Death: up to 31 Roma have been killed by diseases brought on by lead poisoning over a six 1/2 year exposure.
- High fever
- Blue color in arms and legs
- Yellowing of the skin
- Unconsciousness
- "Feebleness" [weakness]
- Dizziness
- Sleepiness
- Stunted growth
- Brain damage
- Nerve damage
- Immune system suppression
- Anemia
- Renal Failure
- Speech disorders
- Language problems
- Behavioral problems [including aggressiveness--DF]
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Technical Reviewers & References
Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
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- US CPSC Document #426 "How to Protect Your Family from Lead in the Home" with additional information and annotations
- "Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Lead (Pb) and Its Availability in Children's Metal Jewelery", US CPSC, 2/3/2005
- Lead in Drinking Water: Advice
- Tests for Lead Contamination in Water
- Lead in Drinking Water - Testing Problems/Advice
- Lead Hazards: Advice, evaluation, mitigation, services - lead paint, lead in plumbing, lead in water, air, dust
- "Dally No Longer, Get the Lead Out," Jane Brody, The New York Times," 17 January 2006 p. F6. This is a good article for summarizing the lead issue.
- SOP for Determining Lead (Pb) and And Its Availability in Children's Jewelry
- Toy Industry Policy on Lead in Toys, International Council of Toy Industries, October 8, 1997
"The voluntary standard established in the United States under ASTM F-963 and the European standard under EN-71 for soluble lead in toys (lead which may migrate from the toy and be ingested by the child) is 90 parts-per-million. At that level, any intentional use of lead in paints or other surface coatings containing lead would immediately put the toy over the permitted limit."
"Under federal law, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) enforces a standard for total lead of 600 ppm. Recently, the CPSC refused to lower the lead limit in paint and other similar surface coating materials to 100 ppm after finding that most paints sold in the United States were already at or below that level and, therefore, these materials did not present an unreasonable risk of injury warranting further government regulation."
- Extreme Lead Poisoning Symptoms Suggested by Feb 2006 NY Times Article on Kosovo Roma Camps
- Environmental Hazard Testing, Effects, Remedies, Prevention - our main Enviro-Haz web page
- Drinking Water Contamination and Pollution How to Detect, Test, Correct, and Prevent Well Water Contamination - US EPA - Groundwater
- ...
