Impact of Radon on Home Sales & Property Values

How does radon gas or radon water contamination impact home sales?
How does the presence of a radon mitigation system affect property values?
Health effects of exposure to radon gas in homes - a consumer summary
Table of lung cancer risk from radon exposure in air or water
An easy guide to Radon Remediation in Homes
Best methods for cleaning & filtering indoor air
Are granite countertops a source of dangerous radiation levels in buildings?
References

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This article explains the health risks of exposure to radon gas in air or water, and we describe the proper steps to remove radon and improve indoor air quality in homes. This article includes excerpts or adaptations from Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, by Steven Bliss, courtesy of Wiley & Sons.

See RADON HAZARD TESTS & MITIGATION
for details about radon in buildings, its health effects, how to measure radon, the effect of radon contamination on real estate values and home sales, and a guide on how to remove radon from buildings. Also see ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS - INSPECT, TEST, REMEDY for our full list of environmental hazard identification and remedy related to buildings.

Effects of Radon Gas Hazards on Real Estate Values & Home Sales

The original US EPA recommendation of "further testing" for homes that measured at 4 pCi/L during a short term screening test has in our opinion led to the installation of thousands of radon mitigation systems in homes at which the average annual exposure to radon gas may have been considerably below that level.

How did this happen? In the U.S., corporations whose employees were often asked to move for business needs were provided an employee benefit: an employee relocation plan that would actually take over ownership of an employee's home if the employee could not complete the sale of their home before having to move to a new location. This benefit avoided the employee having to bear the cost of carrying two primary residences at the same time.

The employee relocation service companies who provided this home management and home resale service to their corporate clients did not want to "take over" responsibility for a home that might give a surprise expense at the time of its ultimate sale to a new owner.

Rather than waiting for the results of a long term radon test to measure the actual annual average radon exposure level, the relocation companies simply required an employee who was planning to place their home into the relocation plan to go ahead and install a radon mitigation system if the initial radon screening test showed a level of 4 pCi/L or above.

While it's not quite clear from the radon risk level table above, notice that little footnote: "based on a person's average exposure over a lifetime". A thoughtful reading of the EPA's radon risk data showed that the risk of contracting lung cancer from exposure to radon gas at a level of 4 pCi/L could not be measured as any different from random chance in the general population until the duration of the exposure time exceeded 18 hours per day for 70 years. In other words, for most people, the risk of contracting lung cancer from living in a home at 4 pCi/L is virtually nil.

Smokers are at a much higher cancer risk from radon than non-smokers (about 80 times more risk for the same exposure level as a non-smoker), and the level of risk of cancer from radon exposure increases significantly at higher radon levels.

Graph of level of consumer fear about radon, over time (C) Daniel Friedman Do Home buyers fear radon? Initially some consumers who were considering buying a home where a radon mitigation system was seen installed were frightened, thinking that the home was dangerous, regardless of the effectiveness of the radon mitigation system and regardless of the original, possibly low initial radon level that led to the installation of that system.

At a home inspection in 1996 radon was tested and later found to be present at a level of less than 1 pCi/L. The home buyer told the inspector that he intended to demand that radon level in his home be brought to zero, regardless of current best advice on the actual risk level. Expert opinion was that mitigation of a home for radon at this level was not appropriate, wasted money, and risked stigamtizing the house.

Our graph (left) plots the level of consumer fear of environmental hazards over time. As we depict in this normal curve of environmental anxiety, for virtually all hazards, regardless of the level of actual health risk, consumer worry increases as media attention focuses on a given concern, then decreases over time as people become accustomed to the topic.

Currently the home buying public has become accustomed to radon mitigation systems and the remaining level of consumer worry is small in our opinion. However public fear about environmental hazards, once roused, never falls again to zero, regardless of the actual level of risk.

Detailed Articles about Radon: detection, correction, & prevention in buildings

RADON HAZARD TESTS & MITIGATION
  Health Effects of Radon
  Guide to Measuring Radon
  Effects of Radon on Home Sales
  How to Remove Indoor Radon

See Radon Enviro-Scare for a full discussion of the normal cycle of public fear that accompanies the discovery and publicity of various environmental hazards, including radon gas and see Enviro-Scare, the Cycle of Public Fear for our article about consumer environmental safety worry cycles that change over time.

For a Thorough Background in Radon Hazards, Radon Mitigation, & the History of Radon Concerns in the U.S. also see these articles reprinted/adapted/excerpted with permission from Solar Age Magazine - editor Steven Bliss.

"Radon's Threat Can Be Subdued", part 1 - William Turner, Terry Brennan, Solar Age Magazine Radon and its progeny are the slipperiest pollutants in the indoor environment, but there are simple ways to keep radon and its relations at bay.
"Radon's Threat Can Be Subdued", part 2 - what is radon, where does radon come from, how does radon get indoors, and why is radon a problem in buildings.
"Radon's Threat Can Be Subdued", part 3 - standards for airborne radon levels in buildings and recommended levels of radon for action, how radon is best detected, and radon action plan.
"Radon's Threat Can Be Subdued", part 4 - radon prevention advice for new construction, radon in well water - how it is removed, sources of information about radon gas and radon contamination.

"Defeating Radon" part 1- Terry Brennan, Bill Turner, Solar Age Magazine - How does radon get into buildings, how do I know if a building has a radon gas problem, how can I solve radon problems in existing homes, and what can I do to prevent radon from entering new homes. Part 1: where Radon comes from, how to diagnose radon
"Defeating Radon" part 2- Guide to keeping radon out of new houses - design details
"Defeating Radon" part 3- Key spots to seal, to stop radon gas leaks into buildings
"Defeating Radon" part 4- Data on radon levels in buildings before & after radon mitigation treatment
"Defeating Radon" part 5- Air filtering, testing after radon mitigation, where to buy radon tests

Are Granite Countertops a Dangerous Source of Indoor Radiation Hazards?

Question: can you tell me how to test for dangerous radiation from granite kitchen countertops?

I am buying a home that has extensive granite countertops in the kitchen, bar, bathrooms, and a workshop. I'm worried that these may be a source of dangerous radiation. How can I test for radiation from granite countertops? - M.C., New York.

Reply:

Quoting from Granite Countertops and Radiation Hazards, U.S. EPA,

Radiation coming from granite countertops results from natural radioactive material in the granite. Identifying the presence and concentration of radioactive elements in granite requires expensive and sophisticated portable instruments or laboratory equipment. These instruments and equipment require proper calibration, and interpretation of their readings requires a knowledgeable and trained user. At this time, there is no generally accepted home testing protocol for radiation in granite countertops.

At the website maintained by The Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD), you can find contact information for each state's radiation protection program. Please visit, http://www.crcpd.org/Map/map.asp Exit EPA Disclaimer, to find information for your state.

However we add that you should have your home tested for high levels of radon gas, as a normal "due diligence" test in buying a home, unless that testing has already been properly performed and documented, in which case you might first check to see those reports. See Guide to Measuring Radon for details.

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Technical Reviewers & References

Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.

Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
RTCA, the Radon Testing Corporation of America, is in Elmsford, NY - 800-457-2366
US EPA Radon level maps for the United States (747 K PDF file) - US EPA data on radon risk by geographic area - original source http://www.epa.gov/radon/zonemap.html
Granite Countertops and Radiation Hazards, U.S. EPA (PDF), retrieved 12/15/2010, original source: http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/tenorm/granite-countertops.html

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.

The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.

Building inspection education & report writing systems from Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd

Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, by Steven Bliss. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN-10: 0471648361, ISBN-13: 978-0471648369, Hardcover: 320 pages, available from Amazon.com and also Wiley.com. See our book review of this publication.
Decks and Porches, the JLC Guide to, Best Practices for Outdoor Spaces, Steve Bliss (Editor), The Journal of Light Construction, Williston VT, 2010 ISBN 10: 1-928580-42-4, ISBN 13: 978-1-928580-42-3, available from Amazon.com
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