 A Guide to Cad Cell Relay Switches on Oil Burners
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This article explains the operation, use, and reset button on Cad Cell Relay Controls: a guide to inspecting and re-setting the cad cell relay safety device on oil burners. We describe how the cad cell relay and the cad cell sensor itself are tested. We explain how the cad cell works to "see" the oil burner flame, what goes wrong in an oil burner that the cad cell "eye" can detect, and how cad cell sensors are tested using several methods including a VOM. We include cad cell trouble spots - particular oil burner installations or conditions that can make it hard for the cad cell to sense even a good flame.
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A Guide to Oil Fired Furnace or Heating Boiler Cad Cell Relays found on Oil Burners
This website answers most questions about central heating system troubleshooting, inspection, diagnosis, and repairs. We describe how to inspect, troubleshoot and repair heating and air conditioning systems to inform home owners, buyers, and home inspectors of common heating system defects.
The articles at this website describe the basic components of a home heating system,
how to find the rated heating capacity of an heating system by examining various data tags and components, how to recognize common heating system operating or safety defects, and how to save money on home heating costs.
Contact us to suggest text changes and additions and, if you wish, to receive online listing and credit for that contribution.
Flame sensing devices on oil-fired heating appliances: modern oil-fired heating furnaces, boilers, and water heaters use a Cadmium Cell
sensor, usually located inside the oil burner tube, to "see" the
presence of flame and thus to assure that the oil burner assembly stops pumping oil into the combustion chamber if flame ignition is
unsuccessful.
The cad cell itself, that is the little cell that "sees" the oil burner flame,
is wired (often by a yellow wire) to the cad cell relay switch (see photo) which is usually a gray box with a red "reset" button located on top of or alongside
the the oil burner assembly.
The cad cell causes the relay to switch the oil burner off when a flame is not established during oil-burner startup ("trial for ignition or TFI" in some manuals) or if oil burner flame is later lost at the
oil burner (or inside the furnace or boiler's combustion chamber).[2]
Our photograph shows a modern Honeywell(R) R8184G 4009 cad cell
relay for use on (typical) intermittent ignition oil burner equipment. This device is likely to be found on oil burners less tan 15 years old,
and on both hot air furnaces and hot water boiler heating systems provided that they are heated by an oil burner.
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Here is a photo of what the cad cell itself looks like. You cannot see this part unless the oil burner is disassembled.
The cadmium cell is simply a type of photo cell that is mounted in the oil burner tube, usually near the rear, where it can "see" the flame when the oil burner is operating properly.
If the oil burner flame is not present the cell passes that information on to the cad cell relay switch which will, after a delay of 15-20 seconds, shut down the oil burner.
You can see that if the glass surface of the cad cell sensor becomes coated with soot, it won't "see" the oil burner flame very well and it will, when dirty enough, shut down the oil burner. |
How to Reset the Cad Cell Relay on an Oil Burner for Boilers & Furnaces
 How to Reset the Oil Burner Cad Cell Relay:
The photograph shows an older Honeywell aquastat relay switch that may also make use of a cad-cell sensor. The gray box in the right in this illustration. If the cad cell has
told the relay that it can't see any flame, the cad cell relay switch will have turned off electrical power to the oil burner
and the red button will have popped up.
If the red "reset" button on the cad cell relay is sticking up and the oil burner has shut down,
the homeowner is permitted to try ONCE to "reset" the system by pressing the red reset button.
If the oil burner does NOT turn on and run normally and continuously (no smoke,
no loud noises, etc.) for at least 5 or 10 minutes after resetting the relay or pressing the reset button, DO NOT keep resetting the system since
doing so can flood the combustion chamber with un-burned heating oil - a dangerous condition.
Where are all the heating system reset buttons? If you are looking for the main reset button on heating equipment that looks like the gray box above, you'll want to see: AQUASTAT CONTROL Functions and CAD CELL RELAY SWITCH (hot water boilers and some water heaters).
Your oil fired boiler or furnace might not have either an aquastat like the one just above or the separate cad cell relay control box shown earlier in this article. Instead some older oil fired boilers, furnaces, and water heaters use a separate Stack Relay Switch and mounted on the flue vent connector piping.
Other heating system reset buttons may be found at SPILL SWITCHES (gas fired equipment), and also Low Water Cutoff Controls on steam heating systems. At ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH we discuss the thermal overload switch and reset button that is found on many electric motors including those operating air conditioning fans, heating system oil burners, and furnace blowers and motors.
 The photograph at left tells a lot about this oil burner and heating system. The debris on top of the cad cell relay contacts (pointed to by our
ruler) indicates that the system is running dirty and perhaps with a puff-back at startup or with backpressure in the combustion chamber.
Look closely at the mostly-covered gray cover of this Honeywell cad cell relay control. In the upper center of the photo you can just see
a hole in the top of the cover. Marked by an orange arrow, this is where we should have seen a red cad cell relay button.
Watch out: sometimes the red plastic button on older heating equipment primary controls can break off - like the one we show at left. . At Reset Switch Broken - Quick Repair we show how to reset the equipment safely if this happens to you. |
How to Test the Oil Burner Cadmium Cell Relay Switch & Switch Sensor
Watch out: Honeywell's instructions for R4184D and R8184G,M,N,P Protectcorelay® series of oil burner controls advises [4]
- Only a trained, experienced service technician
should perform the troubleshooting procedure.
- This control contains no field-replaceable parts.
Do not attempt to take it apart. Replace the entire
control if operation is not as described.
However this instruction pertains to the control itself. The cad cell relay sensor is a plug-in replaceable part that can be cleaned or field-replaced if appropriate.
Button & Switch Tests of The Cad Cell Relay
There are three possible heating system trouble or failure modes addressed by this control:
- Flame failure: oil burner is running and flame becomes weak, or goes out
- Ignition Failure: oil burner fails to start running, flame does not successfully ignite within an allowed time interval
- Electrical Power Failure: electrical power fails during burner operation
In the first two cases the device will shut down the oil burner and require manual pressing of the reset button to attempt a re-start.
In the third case the burner should re-start when electrical power is restored.
Function-Testing cad cell relays: is possible by simply pressing the red button down when the oil burner is operating. If the
oil burner is operating normally and you press the cad cell relay reset button down it should turn off the oil burner.
When you release the button the oil burner should re-start.
This oil burner safety test checks the interrupt circuit in the cad cell relay.
We recommend
not trying this test unless the oil burner has been on for a few minutes or more (and has had time to warm up) so that we
don't produce unnecessary sooting in the combustion chamber during stop and start of the burner.
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Using the Safety Switch "Test" Lever to Test the Primary Heating System Control
Using a Honeywell R8184G primary control as an example we illustrate the reset button (red arrow in our photo, below left) and the safety switch lever (black arrow, below left). The red button is the "reset button" on this control.
On some equipment the round reset button is accompanied by a small thin lever or "switch" (the black arrow in our photo above left). On some older controls the safety switch lever is a thin silver metallic lever protruding through the control cover rather than the nice chubby black switch shown above.
If your control incorporates that little lever (which will also protrude out through the control cover) you can test the control by holding the lever down or in the opposite of its normal position (you may have to move it to one side instead of down depending on how the control is mounted).
Holding the switch lever out of its normal position for a short time will cause the safety switch to shut down the equipment and the reset button will pop out - sticking out further from the control cover. To re-start the burner, push the red reset button back in.
Resistance Testing the Cad Cell Sensor using a VOM or Digital VOM
Honeywell's description of their cad cell sensor used on their R4184D and R8184G,M,N,P Protectcorelay® series of oil burner controls describes it as follows:
All [Protectorelay series oil burner controls] models use the C554A Cadmium Sulfide (cad cell)
Flame Detector to monitor the burner flame and shut down
the system on ignition failure or on flame failure during the
run cycle. [4]
Testing the Cad Cell Sensor Itself: Our photo of a cad cell relay being tested by our oil heating company service tech (Bottini Oil, Poughkeepsie, NY), shows how an expert can check on the cad cell function without disassembling the equipment.
When the oil burner is firing, an ohmmeter reading of 1/2 ohm (close to zero) to a maximum of about 500 to 600 ohms (see note below) is normal.
When the oil burner is not firing, the reading across the cad cell terminals should be close to infinity, that is, high resistance. [1] That is, the cad cell is not seeing any flame.
If the cad cell fails, or more likely if a dirty oil burner flame soots up the face of the cad cell device, the soot blocks view of the flame and cad cell resistance will increase. (That's why at zero flame and when it's dark in the combustion chamber the cad cell will read infinite resistance.)
Significantly, Honeywell's Protectorelay installation and testing instructions do not include a recommendation for testing the resistance of the cad cell sensor. Instead the company recommends the test sequences described above, and note that if the cad cell is not responding to the flame, you should replace it [4] But before doing so
- Make sure that the cad cell you are testing is clean and all electrical connections good
- Make sure that the cad cell mounting bracket is properly located, un-bent, properly aimed, and clean.
- Some oil burner installations appear to depend in part on reflected light from the flame adding to the light signal perceived by the cad cell, so a very dirty oil burner assembly and burner tube may also interfere with proper operation.
Thanks to reader Tony for the following comment:
Hi, I love the work you guys do and think it can be a life saver when you may have exhausted all options. My comment is with regards to the section entitled "How to Test the Oil Burner Cadmium Cell Relay Switch", the sub titled, "Testing the Cad Cell Sensor Itself" section. You mention that an ohm reading on the flame sensor terminals when the boiler is running should be .5 to .6 I took an ohm reading after having cleaned soot from an obstructed cad cell and got an ohm reading of 500 to 600.
I though my flame sensor was faulty. But then i opened the canopy containing the flame sensor and shined a 100 watt light (137 foot candles of illumination) bulb at the flame sensor with my friend taking the readings and compared the results to a specs chart on the flame sensor that charted foot candle power vs ohms and saw that 500 to 600 ohms was correct.
I realize i took the reading while the boiler was off but the wires from the cad cell to the terminal screws where connected and that may have given me a skewed reading but i just wanted to point out the difference between your recommended ohm results and what is observable to an average joe like me. - Ton6 2/11/2012
Other Cad Cell Sensor & Oil Burner Cad Cell Primary Control Troubles
Watch out: here are some other cad cell sensor troubles that can give odd readings, or that can cause the cad cell control to switch the heating system off on "reset"
- An oil burner that is adjusted with excessive combustion air can sometimes produce a flame that is abnormally bright, giving abnormal cad cell readings, probably too low.
- An oil burner that uses an oil nozzle that produces a very narrow flame, combined with the high mount of the cad cell in the burner tube, can make it difficult for the cad cell to see the flame, even if the burner is operating properly. Some oil heat service techs used to polish up internal components in the burner tube or even spray aluminum paint on surfaces to improve reflectance to help out the cad cell. In our OPINION those repairs are likely to be short-lived.
- An oil burner whose squirrel cage fan is dirt-clogged will eventually not get enough combustion air. The result, at least for a while, is that the cad cell sees what was a narrow flame pattern before, even better as the weak flame curls up into view of the cad eye. But of course weak oil burner flame is sooty flame which is likely to eventually soot up the cad cell eye so that it becomes blind. It will then shut the system down. Finally.
- Modern oil burners in heaters with a small, short combustion chamber use oil burner nozzles that produce a short flame. When the flame is burning well (without sooty curling up flame ends) it may be harder for the cad cell to see the fire.
Automated LED Readouts Give Cad Cell Relay Condition
On more advanced primary oil burner controls such as the Honeywell R7184 Series Primary Controls, the control unit itself is capable of monitoring the status of the cad cell relay. [2] A series of LED flashes indicates the cad cell resistance in ohms (for this control) as follows:
| Cad Cell Resistance (R7184 Series Primary Controls)[2] |
| Number of LED Flashes |
Cad Cell Resistance (ohms) |
| 1 |
0-400 |
| 2 |
400-800 |
| 3 |
800-1600 |
| 4 |
> 1600 |
Notes to the Cad Cell Resistance Table
The control will work properly at any of the resistances indicated in the first three lines of the cad cell relay table above. In other words, the cad cell resistance should be below 1600 ohms for this control. The utility of reading the number of flashes and thus inferring the cad cell resistance is that higher resistances can indicate trouble brewing and dirty oil burner operation or a poor sooty flame.
To observe the cad cell condition for this primary control, Honeywell instructs "While the [oil] burner is firing, and after the ignition has been turned off, press and release the reset button (hold 1/2 second or less) to check cad cell resistance. The LED will flash 1 to 4 times depending on the cad cell resistance. For proper operation, it is important that the cad cell resistance is below 1600 ohms.
How to Service or Replace the Cad Cell Relay on an Oil Burner
Above we showed you the face of a cad cell and explained that it can become soiled and blocked by oil burner soot, particularly if the oil burner is itself running "dirty" or improperly.
Cleaning or replacing an oil burner cad cell is pretty easy, but this is a job for the service technician since
it's necessary to turn off power to the oil burner and partly disassemble the oil burner to access the cad cell sensor.
Often by removing a lock screw or two, the voltage transformer (the black box atop[ the oil burner in this photo) is
simply hinged back and one can see the yellow wire entering the oil burner tube and leading to the cad cell sensor.
The
cad cell relay sensor will be mounted in a little bracket and positioned where it can "see" the flame when the
oil burner is operating.
If the oil burner has not been operating properly, say has been producing too much smoke and soot, even after it has
been adjusted it may be necessary to inspect and clean soot from the cad cell sensor so that it has a non-sooty clear
view of the flame.
Or the technician, if s/he has any doubt about the sensor, will simply replace it. It's a simple plug-in
part (two pins on the sensor plug into a receptacle that is secured by a bracket inside of the oil burner tube).
To order a new cad cell for most Honeywell Protectorelay controls order Honeywell part
no. 130367 Cad Cell.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about about Cad Cells and Cadmium in Building Products & Coatings
Question: Cadmium poisoning report: could my heating boiler cad cell be involved?
I received and respect your response to my recent email. I do not expect a response to this email, but wanted to ask a question because I have exhausted every resource I can think of.
In June 2010, I learned that I had long-term carbon monoxide exposure.
After months of treatment, I am very improved. I do biochemical testing and I ordered several tests on myself as no one had done any lab testing or even thought it could be relevant to the downstream effects of CO poisoning.
I have very high levels of cadmium in my blood, indicating a "recent" (un definable term) exposure. I wonder if the cadmium could have come from the cad cell relay on the gas hot water heater.
To my knowledge, I was not in contact with any of the common sources of cadmium. I will be testing my home and my family members' blood.
Over the past six months, I have put together a team of over 20 people to help treat the effects of the poisoning. I am doing well and believe that some of the data I have collected might be of interest to you. Please let me know if that is the case. I know you are very busy--and I love your site.
- A.S. Louisville KY
Reply: Cad Cell Seems Unlikely to Be a Hazard, Here's What & How to Check
The cad cell that is used as a flame sensor in heating equipment is quite well sealed-up. After all cad cells are used in a combustion chamber and exposed to challenging conditions such as high temperature and vibration.
We do not know how much cadmium is used in that flame-sensing device - the manufacturer could tell you.
But if nevertheless you suspect that the heating boiler or water heater oil burner cad cell sensor itself is a source of cadmium, it would make sense to have the cad cell removed with care, placed in a sterile clean container, and tested for leakage. I'm somewhat doubtful that you'd find something. My reasoning is that if the cad cell were damaged most likely it also would not be working and you'd have noticed - you'd have no heat because the oil burner would stop running.
Cadmium is used in other products, including some paints. If you've been hanging around an artist's studio ask about her paints. Some other common sources of cadmium include those listed below, all of which seem to us to be potentially greater total cadmium reservoirs than a single sensor in a heating appliance:
Auto exhaust can move cadmium into soils around highways (and into the air)
- Some batteries or battery manufacturing facilities
- Metal containers (some such as some ice cube trays or even bowls)
- Foods: certain grains, potatoes, vegetables, depending on the soil in which they are grown - so watch for spinach grown along a busy highway; some shellfish are high in cadmium.
- Metal water piping if the water supply is chemically aggressive and leaches out cadmium
- Natural occurrences at very low levels in the soil, in air, and even in water.
- Nearby industrial waste burning plants, metal plating or metal working businesses
- Tobacco smoke, smoking or being around smokers, possibly also from cigarette papers
- Paints (some, not all) particularly in some paint pigments ("cadmium yellow")
- The U.S. EPA has some helpful and rather authoritative articles on cadmium sources, cadmium poisoning, and particularly worrisome cadmium sources. For example see the U.S EPA website on Lead and Cadmium in toy jewelry - http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/toyjewelry.htm
As you are consulting a panel of experts, it makes sense to ask them to look at your personal case history and to compare that with the environments in which you've spent time, checking to see if you've been exposed to a particularly likely source of cadmium.
Question: proper ohms readings at a cad cell relay
at times i can`t get an under 2000, or even 3000 ohm reading after ruling out or correcting the following:
- poor atomization
- dirty burner fan
- electrodes
- continuity
- cad cell eye
- re-positioning cad cell etc...
- Samuel Zapata
Reply:
Samuel,
Sometimes as continuity check can miss a bad connection, but in any case given what you describe, it would be an inexpensive and trivial step to just plug in a new cad cell sensor and repeat the tests. The reset of the components are very straight forward, as you've described. You can test the cad cell's response to light before placing it back on the burner assembly. That step will tell you if the problem is the cad cell and its wiring or a smoky dirty burner operation.
Question: my oil fired furnace fires up but the blower in the air handler doesn't turn on
I have a oil-furnace,my system fire up,blower didn't come on system shut down .I replaced the limit control, system fired up,blower came on ran a few sec. then shut down. I suspect cleaning or replacing the flame detector. I see soot on cabinet,am I close? - Victa
Reply:
Victa, that's a reasonable first guess.
Question: my oil burner keeps tripping at the cad cell relay
My oil burner keeps tripping at the cad cell relay I replaced the cad cell sensor and it's still doing it the burner will run for 10 to 12 hours fine and then trip off should I replace the whole relay - Bill
My oil furnace comes on sometimes I have to hit the reset button on the relay, then it goes on then off periodically while heating the house. What is likely the problem? - Ed
Reply:
Bill and Ed: if the oil burner keeps tripping the cad cell relay and the relay sensor has been replaced, more likely the burner is running at too high a smoke level - running dirty- and needs cleaning and adjustment. The root cause could be several things: inadequate combustion air, bad nozzle, improper electrode adjustment etc.
Question: My furnace is not firing even though the thermostat is calling for heat
My furnace is not firing even though the thermostat is calling for heat. It is only when I hit the relay reset will the burner fire. The furnace then will run until its satisfied then turn off like normal. It runs correctly one or two more times when the thermostat is calling but then the same issue will occur. I tried to clean the eye on the sensor but it didn't make any difference. I also jumped out the thermostat (without hitting the reset) and the furnace did not fire. Should I just buy a new cad eye sensor or does this sound like a different issue all together? - Adam Kelly
Reply:
Adam,
Presuming your thermostat is calling for heat properly, it's certainly a trivial plug-in repair to try a new cad cell eye. But if the cad cell were bad I'd think that the burner would not continue to fire after startup. Try it anyway and let us know.
As you may already realize, when a burner is going off on reset that normally indicates a problem with the flame sensor (your theory) or with the burner flame itself.
IF that doesn't work you'll need to check some other possible causes:
- loose or bad electrical connection at the sensor or controls
- dirty nozzle, electrodes, burner turbulator
- bad transformer
Question: red reset button on the Protectorelay control keeps popping
The reset button on the oil primary keeps popping daily. I have had the oil furnce tech in to clean the furnace and replace the nozzle, filter, etc. I have replaced the fan motor last year and recently replaced the photo cell. I have heard the fan motor turn on however no light-off since the cleaning. What could be my possible problems and fixes? Tranformer?? Weak primary?? Thanks, Trent - Trent 1/6/12
Reply:
Trent,
If the oil heat service tech watches the burner start cycle s/he may at least be able to observe whether or not there is a difficulty with the flame start-up or not. A range of problems including a weak transformer, even a bad electrical connection, a defective fuel unit, dirty oil filter, etc. can cause intermittent startup difficulties.
There are oil heat equipment tests that can check out the transformer output, the oil line vacuum into the fuel unit, output pressure from the fuel unit, cad cell relay sensor (have you tried replacing the sensor element), etc.
Question: we keep losing heat and the cad cell and protectorelay trips off
My oil furnace occasionally does not light. It has been cleaned, inspected and gapped and the transformer was changed. It fired w/o problem for approximately one week then began to trip the cad. When reset, the transformer can be heard working when it lights (a faint buzz) yet when it does not light there is not a sound from the transformer. Both the old and new transformers were bench tested and function fine. Since the blower and transformer are wired to the same leads and the blower always works what should I have the technician check next? - Brian C 2/12/12
Reply:
Brian
A repeated tripping cad cell usually means the system is running dirty or losing flame; it's easy to check and rule out a bad cad cell sensor itself as part of the troubleshooting - described in the article above.
Question: oil fired water heater won't start - I pressed the reset, nothing happens
my hot water oil-fired burner does not come on just put 50 gallons of fuel in, the boiler must have been down at least 1 to 2 months,what should i do, i have call for heat but no flashing lights on the transformer for my diagnostics so i cant reset the system nothing happens this is the first time this happend ran out of fuel before but always had no prolem starting back up, what should i do,it cant be the cad cell because i cant start the motor i need some help asap thank you!!!!! - Harvey 3/12/12
Reply:
Harvey,
I'm not sure your oil delivery of just 50 gallons was sufficient to guarantee an oil flow to the oil burner - it depends on tank size and what was in the tank.
If really NOTHING happens, then your system has lost electrical power.
If the burner motor turns on but the burner won't ignite, quite possibly if the burner won't start and run it's because someone needs to bleed air from the fuel line; also when a system has been shut down for a long time it makes sense to change the filter, fuel unit screen, and to inspect, clean, and if appropriate change the oil burner nozzle, then check air settings and flame smoke level.
Question: thermostat calls for heat but nothing happens, how do I test the safety switch?
Eventhough I have the thermostat calling for heat my furnace still hasn't fired up. Is it possible that the (R8184G) not sending the signal or needs replacing? Is there anyway of testing this switch? - Russ 11/11/12
Reply:
Yes as in the article above
Question: flame sensor keeps tripping, service tech says cleanout is needed
so last winter we had a power outage, all was well until then. After, the flame sensor would trip once and a while, then got progressively worse. I've replaced the sensor, and the controller, but the issue remains. If I short the sensor (after ignition) the system runs. I've cleaned the sensor, thinking it was fouling, but if I move the sensor to a viewing port (holding it in place) it appears to work fine. The port where the light comes in appears to be clear. We did have a service person come out shortly after the initial issue, but he said "I don't know, I can do an annual service, maybe it will help" - nope. Short of replacing the furnace, I'm stuck. - Gunter 12/14/12
Reply:
Gunter,
Some other reasons that a good cad cell and control keep tripping off the oil burner include
- the cell mount position is not quite correct, or a mounting bracket has been bent, so that the sensor eye doesn't properly see the flame;
- the oil burner is out of adjustment, running dirty, making a smoky flame - your service tech could be right on
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Technical Reviewers & References
Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
- [1] Thanks to reader S.M. for careful editing and noting that the ohmmeter reading on a cad cell test with the burner is NOT firing should be close to infinity.
- [2] Honeywell R7184 Series Primary Controls, Technicians Quick Reference Guide, Honeywell International, Inc., 1985 Douglas Drive North, Golden Valley MN 55422 customer.honeywell.com and in Canada: Honeywell Limited-Honeywell Limited, 35 Dynamic Drive, Toronto Ontario M1V 429
- [3] Thanks to Bottini Fuel service. Bottini Fuel is a residential and commercial heating oil distributor and oil heat service company in Wappingers Falls, NY and with offices in other New York locations. Bottini Fuel, 2785 W Main St, Wappingers Falls NY, 12590-1576 (845) 297-5580 more contact information for Bottini Fuel
- [4] "R4184D; R8184G,M,N,P Protectorelay ® Oil Primary Controls", Honeywell Corporation, Automation and Control Solutions, Honeywell International Inc.
1985 Douglas Drive North, Golden Valley, Minnesota 55422, Web search 12/14/2012, [copy on file as Honeywell_R4184D_Cad_Cell.pdf]
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
 The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
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- Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
- Domestic and Commercial Oil Burners, Charles H. Burkhardt, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York 3rd Ed 1969.
- National Fuel Gas Code (Z223.1) $16.00 and National Fuel Gas Code Handbook (Z223.2) $47.00 American Gas Association (A.G.A.), 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 also available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. Fundamentals of Gas Appliance Venting and Ventilation, 1985, American Gas Association Laboratories, Engineering Services Department. American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209. Catalog #XHO585. Reprinted 1989.
- The Steam Book, 1984, Training and Education Department, Fluid Handling Division, ITT [probably out of print, possibly available from several home inspection supply companies] Fuel Oil and Oil Heat Magazine, October 1990, offers an update,
- Principles of Steam Heating, $13.25 includes postage. Fuel oil & Oil Heat Magazine, 389 Passaic Ave., Fairfield, NJ 07004.
- The Lost Art of Steam Heating, Dan Holohan, 516-579-3046 FAX
- Principles of Steam Heating, Dan Holohan, technical editor of Fuel Oil and Oil Heat magazine, 389 Passaic Ave., Fairfield, NJ 07004 ($12.+1.25 postage/handling).
- "Residential Steam Heating Systems", Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
- "Residential Hydronic (circulating hot water) Heating Systems", Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
- "Warm Air Heating Systems". Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
- Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Volume I, Heating Fundamentals,
- Boilers, Boiler Conversions, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23389-4 (v. 1) Volume II, Oil, Gas, and Coal Burners, Controls, Ducts, Piping, Valves, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23390-7 (v. 2) Volume III, Radiant Heating, Water Heaters, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps, Air Cleaners, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23383-5 (v. 3) or ISBN 0-672-23380-0 (set) Special Sales Director, Macmillan Publishing Co., 866 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022. Macmillan Publishing Co., NY
- Installation Guide for Residential Hydronic Heating Systems
- Installation Guide #200, The Hydronics Institute, 35 Russo Place, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922
- The ABC's of Retention Head Oil Burners, National Association of Oil Heat Service Managers, TM 115, National Old Timers' Association of the Energy Industry, PO Box 168, Mineola, NY 11501. (Excellent tips on spotting problems on oil-fired heating equipment. Booklet.)
- Links to our list of additional information on heating system inspection, repair, maintenance
- ...
