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HEATING SYSTEMS

AFUE DEFINITION, RATINGS
AGE of CHIMNEYS & FIREPLACES
AGE of AIR CONDITIONERS & HEAT PUMPS
AGE of FOUNDATION MATERIALS
AGE of FRAMING MATERIALS
AGE of FLOORING MATERIALS
AGE of ELECTRICAL WIRING
AGE of HEATERS, BOILERS, FURNACES
AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS

AIR HANDLER / BLOWER UNITS
AIRBOUND HEAT SYSTEM REPAIRS
ANODES & DIP TUBES on WATER HEATERS
ANTI SCALD VALVES
ANIMAL ALLERGENS / PET DANDER
ANIMAL ENTRY POINTS in buildings
ANIMAL ODORS IN buildings
ANODES & DIP TUBES on WATER HEATERS
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
ASBESTOS IDENTIFICATION IN buildings

BACKDRAFTING HEATING EQUIPMENT
BACKFLOW PREVENTERS
BACKUP HEAT for HEAT PUMPS
BANGING HEATING PIPE NOISES
BAROMETRIC DAMPERS
BIOGAS PRODUCTION & USE
BLEVE EXPLOSIONS
BLOWER DOORS & AIR INFILTRATION
BLOWER FAN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
BLOWER FAN OPERATION & TESTING
BLUE vs YELLOW COMBUSTION FLAMES
BLUERAY Recall

BOILERS, HEATING
  BOILER OPERATION DETAILS
  BACKDRAFTING HEATING EQUIPMENT
  BOILER COMPONENTS & PARTS
  BOILER CONTROLS & SWITCHES
  BOILER LEAKS CORROSION STAINS
  BOILER LEAKS, HOW TO LOCATE
  BOILER OPERATING PROBLEMS
CARBON MONOXIDE - CO
CARBON MONOXIDE WARNING

CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR
CHIMNEYS & Flues - Asbestos Transite Pipe
COMBUSTION AIR DEFECTS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS & IAQ
COMPLETE COMBUSTION, Stoichiometric

CONDENSING BOILERS/FURNACES
CONDENSING BOILERS/FURNACES DAMAGE
CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS

DEFINITION of Heating & Cooling Terms

DIAGNOSE & FIX AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
DIAGNOSE & FIX HEATING PROBLEMS-BOILER
DIAGNOSE & FIX HEATING PROBLEMS-FURNACE

DRAFT HOODS - gas fired
DRAFT MEASUREMENT, CHIMNEYS & FLUES
DRAFT REGULATORS, DAMPERS, BOOSTERS
DUCT INSULATION, Asbestos Paper

DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
DUCT INSULATION - Asbestos Paper
DUCTS - Asbestos Transite Pipe
DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?

ELECTRIC HEAT
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE
ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
ELECTRICAL POWER SWITCH FOR HEAT

ENERGY SAVINGS in buildings
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS

FAN, AIR HANDLER BLOWER UNIT
FAN AUTO ON Thermostat Switch
FAN, COMPRESSOR/CONDENSER UNIT
FAN CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS
FAN LIMIT SWITCH
FAN NOISES

FILTERS, AIR for HVAC SYSTEMS
FILTERS, OIL on HEATING EQUIPMENT

FIRE SAFETY CONTROLS
FIREPLACE Damage & Unsafe Hearths - Settlement
FLAME COLOR, BLUE vs YELLOW COMBUSTION
FLOODED HEATING EQUIPMENT REPAIR
FLOODED WATER HEATER REPAIR
FLUE VENT CONNECTORS
FREEZE-PROOF A BUILDING
FUEL OIL TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS
FUEL UNIT, HEAING OIL PUMPS

FURNACES, HEATING
  DUCT SYSTEM DEFECTS
  ALLOY SYSTEMS FLEXDUCT
  DUCT & AIR HANDLER ODORS
  DUCT INSULATION, Asbestos Paper
  FURNACE CONTROLS & SWITCHES
  FURNACE OPERATION DETAILS
FURNACE OPERATING TEMPERATURES
  HEAT EXCHANGER LEAKS
GALVANIC SCALE & METAL CORROSION
GAS BURNER Flame & Noise Defects
GAS FIRED WATER HEATERS

GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS
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HEATING COST FUEL & BTU Cost Table
HEATING COST SAVINGS
HEATING LOSS DIAGNOSIS-BOILERS
HEATING LOSS DIAGNOSIS-FURNACES

HEATING OIL CLOUD WAX GEL POINT
HEATING OIL SLUDGE
HOT WATER HEATERS
HOT WATER IMPROVEMENT

INSULATION INSPECTION & IMPROVEMENT

LP & Natural Gas Safety Hazards

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
NO HEAT - BOILER / FURNACE DIAGNOSIS

NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE
NOISE AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
NOISE, DUCT VIBRATION DAMPENERS
NOISE CONTROL for HEATING SYSTEMS
NOISE CONTROL for PLUMBING
NOISES COMING FROM WATER HEATER

ODORS & SMELLS DIAGNOSIS & CURE
ODORS FROM HEATING SYSTEMS

OIL BURNERS
OIL BURNER INSPECTION GUIDE
OIL BURNER NOISE SMOKE ODORS
OIL BURNER NOZZLE & ELECTRODES
OIL BURNERS, RETENTION HEAD
OIL BURNER SOOT & PUFFBACKS

OIL FILTERS on HEATING EQUIPMENT
OIL FILTER MISSING
OIL FUEL TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS

OIL & GAS PIPING
  GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS
  OIL TANK PIPING & PIPING DEFECTS

OIL LINE CLOGGING FIX
OIL LINE SAFETY VALVES
OIL ODORS, LEAKY OIL TANK PIPING
OIL PUMP FUEL UNIT
OIL SPILL CLEANUP / PREVENTION

OIL TANKS
OIL TANK SAFETY
OIL TANK SLUDGE
OIL TANK TESTING
OIL TANKS, BURIED
PLASTIC HEATER VENT RADIANT HEAT
RADIANT HEAT Floor Mistakes to Avoid
RADIANT HEAT TEMPERATURES
RADIANT SLAB FLOORING CHOICES
RADIANT SLAB TUBING & FLUID CHOICES

RADIATORS

RELIEF VALVES - TP Valves on Boilers
RELIEF VALVES - STEAM TP VALVES
RELIEF VALVES - Water Heaters
RELIEF VALVES - Water Tanks

Reset Switch - Heater Primary Control
Reset Switch - Electric Motors
Reset Switch - Stack Relays

SAFETY HAZARDS & INSPECTIONS
  BLUE vs YELLOW COMBUSTION FLAMES
  BLUERAY Recall
  CHIMNEYS & Flues - Asbestos Transite
  Goodman HTPV RECALL
  Heat Recovery Ventilator RECALL
  Lennox Furnace Manuals
  Lennox SAFETY WARNING
  PLASTIC Plexvent / Ultravent RECALL
  Weil McLain RECALL
SAFETY, HEATING INSPECTION
SAFETY,HOME HEATING TIPS

STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS

TANKLESS COILS
  Tankless Coil Conversions
  Tankless Coil Leaks
THERMAL TRACKING & HEAT LOSS

THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
  Types of Building & Room Thermostats
  How Thermostats Work
  Detailed Guide to Room Thermostats
  How to Set the Thermostat
  COOL OFF HEAT, Thermostat Switch
  FAN ON AUTO Thermostat Switch
  HEAT ANTICIPATOR Adjustment
  HEAT ANTICIPATOR Mini Ammeter to Check
  HEAT PUMP Thermostats - Outdoors
  INSTALL & WIRE Thermostats
  TEMPERATURE RESPONSE of Room Thermostats
  SWITCH FUNCTIONS on a Room Thermostat
THERMOSTATS, WATER HEATER
  AQUASTAT CONTROL Functions
  Electric Water Heater Thermostats
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES
Transite Pipe Chimneys & Flues

More Information

Heat anticipator adjustment tool from Amps Check

How to use an ammeter to adjust or repair room thermostats by fine tuning the heat anticipator circuit
InspectAPedia®  -    

  • How to Use a Mini Ammeter to Check Heat Anticipators and Thermostats for Proper Adjustment
  • How Do I Install & Wire Up a Room Thermostat like the Honeywell Round Wall Thermostat?
  • Questions & Answers about how thermostat heat anticipators work and how to set the heat anticipator

This article explains how and why we fine-tune a room thermostat or wall thermostat by checking its heat anticipator using a mini ammeter. We explain how heat anticipators work and how to adjust the heat anticipator on a room thermostat.

InspectAPedia offers impartial, unbiased advice without conflicts of interest. We will block advertisements which we discover or readers inform us are associated with bad business practices, false-advertising, or junk science. Our contact info is at InspectAPedia.com/Contact.htm.

This article is part of our Guide to Finding, Using, and Adjusting THERMOSTATS for Heating & Air Conditioning Furnaces & Boilers, Heat Pumps or Electric Furnaces or Boilers. This website answers most questions about central heating system troubleshooting, inspection, diagnosis, and repairs.

We describe how to inspect residential heating systems to inform home owners, buyers, and home inspectors of common heating system defects. The articles at this website describe the basic components of a home heating system, how to find the rated heating capacity of an heating system by examining various data tags and components, how to recognize common heating system operating or safety defects, and how to save money on home heating costs. We include product safety recall and other heating system hazards.

Because some controls are used in common on hot water heat, hot air heat, and steam boilers, readers should see these other articles: see BOILER CONTROLS & SWITCHES, and also see BOILER COMPONENTS & PARTS for a detailed list of heating boiler controls, other heating system components, parts such as circulator pumps & draft regulators. If your building uses warm air heat, see  FURNACE CONTROLS & SWITCHES. If your building uses steam heat see STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS. Also see Heat Won't Turn Off - Stop Unwanted Heat.

Readers needing to find and fix un-wanted air leaks, heat losses, or other energy wasters should see HEAT LOSS DETECTION TOOLS. Readers should see ENERGY SAVINGS RETROFIT CASE STUDY and also see HEAT LOSS DETECTION TOOLS and INSULATION INSPECTION & IMPROVEMENT for energy saving retrofit detailed guides. Also see GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS for more details on how to inspect and test LP and natural gas piping, controls, valves, and tanks.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

How to Use a Mini Ammeter to Check Heat Anticipators and Thermostats for Proper Adjustment

Why do some thermostats include a heat anticipator?

Heat anticipator adjustment tool from Amps CheckSince a room heating or cooling thermostat is really just a simple "on-off" switch, some fuzziness needs to be built into the thermostat's control of the air conditioner or heating system, lest it cycle on and off too frequently, oscillating very closely around the set temperature.

The job of the heat anticipator circuit in a wall thermostat is to prevent heating or cooling "overshoot" too far past the set temperature, but to permit some overshoot to prevent system on-off oscillation.

When we serviced heating systems and our clients sometimes complained that the thermostat did not seem to be responding as desired to room temperature.

The thermostat might permit the room to get much warmer, or much cooler than the temperature to which the thermostat was set.

This was a reason to whip out our little ammeter to see what was really going on with the thermostat circuit.

A second reason we'd use this ammeter to check the current draw of the thermostat circuit was to allow proper setting of a heating or air conditioning system control set which was made by a different manufacturer from the one who made the wall thermo sat.

For example, if the air conditioning or heating system control being switched on and off by the thermostat was not one of the ones in Honeywell's list, one of the checks we'd make is to actually measure the heating control circuit ampacity using a special mini ammeter sold just for that purpose, and shown in our photo at left.

Since we no longer service heating systems, we'll give our tool free to a trained heating service technician who'll pay the shipping postage.

How to Connect the Ammeter to Check the Thermostat Circuit and the Heat Anticipator

With the heat set "down", power to the equipment on, and the thermostat set to heating mode, the alligator clips are connected to the thermostat wire terminals in the thermostat.

Usually these are "R" (red) and "W" (white wire) or "R" and "Y" terminals on thermostats. Just connect the ammeter's leads to the thermostat terminals where you see the red and white wires coming from the heating system are already wired. (You'll have to remove the thermostat cover to perform these steps.)

The current flow (Amps) is read on the meter, and the heat anticipator is set to match the actual current that was just read.

What do we gain from fine-tuning the thermostat's heat anticipator adjustment?

This places the thermostat heat anticipator in exactly the right setting for the equipment to which it is attached. Then we simply removed our test leads and re-set the thermostat to the desired room temperature.

When the heat anticipator is working correctly, it prevents too much temperature "overshoot" when the thermostat is turning heating or air conditioning equipment on or off. Ultimately this means that the thermostat will maintain room temperature more accurately and more closely to the "SET" temperature set by the occupants.

Watch out for static cling that can foul up an ammeter reading when measuring a thermostat circuit

Precaution when using this equipment: if the meter is wrapped in plastic there may be a static charge when you unwrap it. Because it is very sensitive, any static charge on this meter (or many other ammeters or VOMs or multimeters) can cause the dial movement to show an erroneous reading. Just wait 5 minutes before using the meter, allowing the static charge to dissipate.

The mini ammeter for adjusting thermostats to work precisely (shown at the top of this page) was produced by and may still be available from T.D. Instruments Corporation, 180 Charlotte St., Rochester, NY 14067 - 716-232-4208. We used model T.D. 2, which operates between 0 and 1.2 Amps A.C.

Questions & Answers about how thermostat heat anticipators work and how to set the heat anticipator

Question: what is the relationship between setting the heat anticipator higher or lower and the resulting room temperature?

Heat anticipator component of a room thermostatI want to know that if the heat anticipator sets was too low, whether the room temperature lower or higher? - Thanks Hyuk Lim.

Reply:

Typically if you set the heat anticipator lower you are narrowing the "gap" or amount by which the heat anticipator anticipates the amount by which heat delivery will "coast" when the thermostat stops calling for heat.

In our example photo (left) moving the pinter to the left is setting the heat anticipator to a lower resistance (turn heat off later) and moving the pointer to the right is setting the heat anticipator to a higher resistance (turn heat off sooner).

If you click to enlarge our heat anticipator photo you'll see that the settings range from 0.10 to about 2 Amps - a scale quite similar to the mini Ammeter used to fine-tune thermostat heat anticipators based on the circuit resistance (Ohms) and current flow (Amps) as we dosciss above.

Notice that at the left end of the heat anticipator wiper dial at the lowest setting Honeywell has imprinted the word "LONGER". This means the heat will run longer or cut off later and the room will be warmer when the thermostat turns off the heating boiler or furnace.

This "coasting" effect is particularly significant with hot water or steam heating baseboards or radiators because those devices have plenty of thermal mass that keeps on giving heat even after the heating boiler has stopped running. So even though the heating boiler has stopped firing, heat will continue to flow into the rooms from the hot radiators.

In order to keep the room from becoming much hotter than the thermostat set point, a heat anticipator turns off the heating boiler ahead of time or before the room temperature has actually reached the thermostat set point.

A smaller or lower heat anticipator gap or setting should result in a HIGHER room temperature and conversely setting the heat anticipator higher will result in a LOWER room temperature.

Details about Heat Anticipator Function and Settings

The heat anticipator, by warming the thermostat bimetallic spring heat sensor, causes the thermostat to stop calling for heat sooner. The result is that the room temperature will be a bit lower when the thermostat turned off the heating system.

Put another way, because the heat anticipator is basically a resistor that itself heats up the wall thermostat in order to cause it to turn off the heat ahead of the room temperature set point on the thermostat, moving the heat anticipator to a higher setting (typically to the right) is moving it to a position of greater resistance in the circuit.

Higher resistance in Ohms, or higher current (Amps) draw, means that the greater resistance in the heat anticipator circuit causes heat anticipator to get hotter, which causes the heat anticipator to cause the thermostat itself to warm up more, which causes the thermostat to shut off sooner which means that the room will be slightly cooler.

Lower resistance in Ohms, or lower Amps draw, means that less heating of the thermostat bimetallic spring will be caused by the heat anticipator circuit all mean that the heating system will remain on longer before the thermostat reaches the set temperature and turns off the heater.

See HEAT ANTICIPATOR Adjustment for details on how to set the thermostat heat anticipator.

Also see Definition of Amps, Electrical Current, and Definition of Ohms, Electrical Resistance

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THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
  Types of Building & Room Thermostats
  How Thermostats Work
  Detailed Guide to Room Thermostats
  How to Set the Thermostat
  COOL OFF HEAT, Thermostat Switch
  FAN ON AUTO Thermostat Switch
  HEAT ANTICIPATOR Adjustment
  HEAT ANTICIPATOR Mini Ammeter to Check
  HEAT PUMP Thermostats - Outdoors
  INSTALL & WIRE Thermostats
  TEMPERATURE RESPONSE of Room Thermostats
  SWITCH FUNCTIONS on a Room Thermostat

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • Carbon Monoxide Gas Toxicity, exposure limits, poisoning symptoms, and inspecting buildings for CO hazards
  • DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC? An Investigation of Indoor Dust Debris Blamed on a Heating/Cooling System Reveals Carpet Dust
  • Fuel Oil & Oil Heating Magazine, 3621 Hill Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054, 973-331-9545
  • Goodman Furnace High Temperature Plastic Vent HTPV safety recall US CPSC notice
  • Home Heating System Should Be Checked [for proper venting and for CO Carbon Monoxide Hazards - DJF]
  • Inspection Procedures for Oil-Fired Heating Systems Detailed step by step approaches for inspecting complex systems]
  • Lennox Pulse Furnace Safety Inspection/Warranty Program: Carbon Monoxide Warning
  • Oil Tanks - The Oil Storage Tank Information Website: Buried or Above Ground Oil Tank Inspection, Testing, Cleanup, Abandonment of Oil Tanks
  • Oil Tanks Above Ground, UL Standards, guidance for home owners, buyers, and inspectors
  • Plastic Heating Vent Pipe & Other Heating Safety Recall Notices
  • Weil McLain Model GV Gas Boiler/gas valve CPSC recall/repair
  • Domestic and Commercial Oil Burners, Charles H. Burkhardt, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York 3rd Ed 1969.
  • National Fuel Gas Code (Z223.1) $16.00 and National Fuel Gas Code Handbook (Z223.2) $47.00 American Gas Association (A.G.A.), 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 also available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. Fundamentals of Gas Appliance Venting and Ventilation, 1985, American Gas Association Laboratories, Engineering Services Department. American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209. Catalog #XHO585. Reprinted 1989.
  • The Steam Book, 1984, Training and Education Department, Fluid Handling Division, ITT [probably out of print, possibly available from several home inspection supply companies] Fuel Oil and Oil Heat Magazine, October 1990, offers an update,
  • Principles of Steam Heating, $13.25 includes postage. Fuel oil & Oil Heat Magazine, 389 Passaic Ave., Fairfield, NJ 07004.
  • The Lost Art of Steam Heating, Dan Holohan, 516-579-3046 FAX
  • Principles of Steam Heating, Dan Holohan, technical editor of Fuel Oil and Oil Heat magazine, 389 Passaic Ave., Fairfield, NJ 07004 ($12.+1.25 postage/handling).
  • "Residential Steam Heating Systems", Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
  • "Residential Hydronic (circulating hot water) Heating Systems", Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
  • "Warm Air Heating Systems". Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
  • Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Volume I, Heating Fundamentals,
  • Boilers, Boiler Conversions, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23389-4 (v. 1) Volume II, Oil, Gas, and Coal Burners, Controls, Ducts, Piping, Valves, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23390-7 (v. 2) Volume III, Radiant Heating, Water Heaters, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps, Air Cleaners, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23383-5 (v. 3) or ISBN 0-672-23380-0 (set) Special Sales Director, Macmillan Publishing Co., 866 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022. Macmillan Publishing Co., NY
  • Installation Guide for Residential Hydronic Heating Systems
  • Installation Guide #200, The Hydronics Institute, 35 Russo Place, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922
  • The ABC's of Retention Head Oil Burners, National Association of Oil Heat Service Managers, TM 115, National Old Timers' Association of the Energy Industry, PO Box 168, Mineola, NY 11501. (Excellent tips on spotting problems on oil-fired heating equipment. Booklet.)
  • Links to our list of additional information on heating system inspection, repair, maintenance
  • ...
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