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AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
HEATING SYSTEMS

ANODES & DIP TUBES on WATER HEATERS
ANTI SCALD VALVES
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
ASBESTOS IDENTIFICATION IN buildings

BACKDRAFTING HEATING EQUIPMENT
BACKFLOW PREVENTERS
BAROMETRIC DAMPERS
BASEBOARD HEAT

BIOGAS PRODUCTION & USE
BLEVE EXPLOSIONS
BLOWER DOORS & AIR INFILTRATION
BLOWER FAN CONTINUOUS OPERATION
BLOWER FAN OPERATION & TESTING
BLUE vs YELLOW COMBUSTION FLAMES
BLUERAY Recall

BOILERS, HEATING
BOILER CHEMICALS
BOILER COMPONENTS & PARTS
BOILER CONTROLS & SWITCHES
BOILER LEAKS CORROSION STAINS
BOILER LEAKS, HOW TO LOCATE
BOILER NOISE SMOKE ODORS
BOILER OPERATING PROBLEMS
BOILER OPERATION DETAILS
BOILER PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE SETTINGS
BOOKSTORE - InspectAPedia
BUILDING SAFETY HAZARDS GUIDE

CAPACITORS for HARD STARTING MOTORS
CARBON DIOXIDE - CO2
CARBON MONOXIDE - CO
CARBON MONOXIDE WARNING

CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR
CHIMNEYS & Flues - Asbestos Transite Pipe
CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS
CIRCULATOR PUMPS & RELAYS
COOL OFF HEAT, Thermostat Switch

COMBUSTION AIR
COMBUSTION AIR for TIGHT buildings
COMBUSTION GASES & PARTICLE HAZARDS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS & IAQ
COMPLETE COMBUSTION, Stoichiometric

CONDENSING BOILERS/FURNACES
CONDENSING BOILERS/FURNACES DAMAGE
CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS

DEFINITION of Heating & Cooling Terms

DIAGNOSE & FIX AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
DIAGNOSE & FIX HEATING PROBLEMS-BOILER
DIAGNOSE & FIX HEATING PROBLEMS-FURNACE

DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
  AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS
  ALLOY SYSTEMS FLEXDUCT
  ASBESTOS HVAC DUCTS
  ASBESTOS PAPER on DUCTWORK
  ASBESTOS TRANSITE DUCTWORK
  BALANCING AIR DUCT FLOW
  DUCT & AIR HANDLER ODORS
  DUCT DAMAGE, MECHANICAL
  DUCT INSULATION - Asbestos Paper
  DUCT ROUTING & SUPPORT
  DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?
  FIBERGLASS DUCT, RIGID CONSTRUCTION
  FIBERGLASS HVAC DUCTS
  FIRE DAMPERS in DUCTWORK
  FLOOD DAMAGE in DUCT WORK
  GOODMAN GRAY FLEXDUCT
  INCREASING RETURN AIR
  LEAKY DUCT CONNECTIONS
  LOCATION OF REGISTERS & DUCTS
  MOLD in AIR HANDLERS & DUCT WORK
  NOISES in DUCT SYSTEM
  ODORS in AIR HANDLERS & DUCT WORK
  OWENS CORNING FLEXDUCT
  OWL FLEXDUCT
  RETURN AIR REGISTERS & DUCTS
  SOUNDPROOFING for DUCTWORK
  SUPPLY DUCTS & REGISTERS
  TRANSITE PIPE AIR DUCTS
  UNDERSIZED RETURN DUCTS
  UNSAFE DUCT OPENINGS
  VIBRATION DAMPENERS
  WATER & ICE IN DUCT WORK
  WET CORRODED DUCT WORK
  ZONE DAMPER CONTROLS

DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?

ELECTRIC HEAT
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE
ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
ELECTRICAL POWER SWITCH FOR HEAT

ENERGY SAVINGS in buildings
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS

FAN, AIR HANDLER BLOWER UNIT
FAN AUTO ON Thermostat Switch
FAN, COMPRESSOR/CONDENSER UNIT
FAN CONVECTOR HEATERS - HYDRONIC COILS
FAN LIMIT SWITCH
FAN NOISES

FILTERS, AIR for HVAC SYSTEMS
FILTERS, OIL on HEATING EQUIPMENT

FIRE SAFETY CONTROLS
FIREPLACE Damage & Unsafe Hearths - Settlement
FLAME COLOR, BLUE vs YELLOW COMBUSTION
FLOODED HEATING EQUIPMENT REPAIR
FLOODED WATER HEATER REPAIR
FLUE VENT CONNECTORS
FREEZE-PROOF A BUILDING
FUEL OIL TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS
FUEL UNIT, HEAING OIL PUMPS

FURNACES, HEATING
FURNACE CONTROLS & SWITCHES
  BACKDRAFTING HEATING EQUIPMENT
  CAD CELL RELAY SWITCH
  DIAGNOSE & FIX FURNACE
  DRAFT HOODS
  DRAFT REGULATORS
  ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
  ELECTRICAL POWER SWITCH FOR HEAT
  FAN AUTO ON CONTROLS
  FAN LIMIT SWITCH
    What is a Fan & Limit Switch?
    Sensing Furnace Temperatures
    How to Set the Fan & Limit Control
    How to Test the Fan & Limit Control
    How to Install the Fan & Limit Control
    How to Wire the Fan & Limit Control
  FAN LIMIT SWITCH TROUBLESHOOTING
  FAN MOTOR START CAPACITORS
  FIRE SAFETY CONTROLS
  HEAT EXCHANGER CLEANING
  HEAT EXCHANGER LEAKS
  Reset Switch - Primary Control
  Reset Switch - electric motors
  SPILL SWITCHES
  STACK RELAYS
  THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
  ZONE DAMPER CONTROLS

FURNACE HEAT EXCHANGER LEAKS
FURNACE OPERATION DETAILS
FURNACE OPERATING TEMPERATURES

GALVANIC SCALE & METAL CORROSION
GAS BURNER Flame & Noise Defects
GAS FIRED WATER HEATERS

GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS

GAUGES ON HEATING EQUIPMENT
GEOTHERMAL HEATING SYSTEMS

HEAT EXCHANGER LEAKS

HEAT LOSS in buildings
HEAT LOSS DETECTION TOOLS
HEAT LOSS INDICATORS
HEAT LOSS PREVENTION PRIORITIES
HEAT LOSS R U & K VALUE CALCULATION

HEAT PUMPS, DiAGNOSIS, REPAIR
HEAT TAPES, Heat, Insulation prevent Freeze-Up

HEATING COST FUEL & BTU Cost Table
HEATING COST SAVINGS METHODS

HEATING LOSS DIAGNOSIS-BOILERS
HEATING LOSS DIAGNOSIS-FURNACES

HEATING OIL CLOUD WAX GEL POINT
HEATING OIL EXPOSURE HAZARDS, LIMITS
HEATING OIL - OLD, USEABLE?
HEATING OIL PIPING TROUBLES
HEATING OIL SHELF LIFE
HEATING OIL SLUDGE
HEATING OIL USAGE RATE

HEATING SMALL LOADS

HEATING SYSTEM INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR
HEATING SYSTEM NOISES
HEATING SYSTEM SERVICE & MAINTENANCE

HEATING SYSTEM TYPES

HIGH EFFICIENCY BOILERS/FURNACES

HOT WATER HEATERS
HOT WATER IMPROVEMENT

INSULATION INSPECTION & IMPROVEMENT

LP & Natural Gas Safety Hazards

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
MIXING / ANTI-SCALD VALVES
MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH

Natural Gas Combustion Products

NO HEAT - BOILER / FURNACE DIAGNOSIS
NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE
NOISE AIR CONDITIONER / HEAT PUMP
NOISE, DUCT VIBRATION DAMPENERS
NOISE CONTROL for HEATING SYSTEMS
NOISE CONTROL for PLUMBING
NOISES COMING FROM WATER HEATER

ODORS & SMELLS DIAGNOSIS & CURE
ODORS FROM HEATING SYSTEMS

OIL BURNERS
OIL BURNER INSPECTION GUIDE
OIL BURNER NOISE SMOKE ODORS
OIL BURNER NOZZLE & ELECTRODES
OIL BURNERS, RETENTION HEAD
OIL BURNER SOOT & PUFFBACKS

OIL FILTERS on HEATING EQUIPMENT
OIL FILTER MISSING
OIL FUEL TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS

OIL & GAS PIPING
  GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS
  OIL TANK PIPING & PIPING DEFECTS

OIL LINE CLOGGING FIX
OIL LINE SAFETY VALVES
OIL ODORS, LEAKY OIL TANK PIPING
OIL PUMP FUEL UNIT
OIL SPILL CLEANUP / PREVENTION

OIL TANKS
OIL TANKS, BURIED
OIL TANK GAUGES
OIL TANK INSPECTION REPORTS
OIL TANK LEAKS & SMELLS
OIL TANK PIPING & PIPING DEFECTS
OIL TANK PRESSURE
OIL TANK REGULATIONS
OIL TANK REMOVAL COs
OIL TANK REMOVAL FINANCIAL AID
OIL TANK SAFETY
OIL TANK SLUDGE
OIL TANK TESTING
OIL TANK TESTING COs
OIL TANK WATER CONTAMINATION
OIL TANK WATER REMOVAL

PLASTIC HEATER VENT
PULSE COMBUSTION HEATERS
PASCAL CALCULATIONS

RADIANT BARRIERS
RADIANT HEAT
RADIANT HEAT Floor Mistakes to Avoid
RADIANT HEAT TEMPERATURES
RADIANT SLAB FLOORING CHOICES
RADIANT SLAB TUBING & FLUID CHOICES

RADIATORS

RELIEF VALVES - TP Valves on Boilers
RELIEF VALVES - STEAM TP VALVES
RELIEF VALVES - Water Heaters
RELIEF VALVES - Water Tanks

Reset Switch - Heater Primary Control
Reset Switch - Electric Motors
Reset Switch - Stack Relays

SAFETY HAZARDS & INSPECTIONS
SPILL SWITCHES
STACK RELAY SWITCHES

STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING INTERIORS

STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS

TANKLESS COILS
THERMAL EXPANSION of MATERIALS
THERMAL MASS in buildings
THERMAL TRACKING & HEAT LOSS

THERMOSTATS, HEATING / COOLING
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES
Transite Pipes, Chimneys & Flues

WINTERIZE A BUILDING
Wood Burning Heaters Fireplaces Stoves
Woodstove Safety

ZONE VALVES

More Information

Duct air flow control damper lever (C) InspectAPedia.comGuide to Zone Dampers for Warm Air Duct Controls
InspectAPedia®  -         

  • What is a zone damper and how do they work on heating or cooling ducts?
  • Automatic zone dampers on air duct systems
  • Manual zone dampers on duct work
  • Ductwork Zone Dampers & Airflow Controls - Hot Air Heat & Air Conditioning Troubleshooting & Repair Guide
  • How to balance air flow in an HVAC system for heating or air conditioning
  • Manual duct balancing valves & automatic zone damper controls
  • Questions & answers about zone dampers in heating & A/C ducts

Here we explain manual and automatic heating and air conditioning ductwork Zone Dampers & Airflow Controls used to control airflow through heating or cooling ductwork.

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Ductwork Zone Dampers & Airflow Controls - Hot Air Heat Troubleshooting & Repair Guide

Manual Air Conditioning or Heating Duct Zone Controls

Manual duct damper handle (C) Daniel FriedmanManual heating or air conditioning zone dampers are mechanical doors that are manually (by hand) open or closed in order to control the amount of warm or cool air flowing to a particular room or area in a building. By totally or partially closing the damper door, the owner or occupants of the building can balance the flow of conditioned air into various areas.

Because it can be tough for a new owner of an older home to even imagine, much less find where these duct air flow balancing controls are located, we include more photographs of what a manual duct air flow damper control lever might look like.

A manual zone damper or heating duct damper or cooling duct damper is particularly valuable in balancing air flow in buildings whose HVAC system includes long duct runs to some areas and short duct runs to other areas. If we take no steps to balance the air flow among building areas, when the blower fan is running, the rooms closest to the blower will receive the most air flow and more distant rooms can be difficult to heat or cool.

How do I Set the Duct Damper Handle - in What Position?

Manual duct air flow control on an old asbestos-covered heating duct (C) Daniel Friedman

In general, the handle of the duct airflow control lever or damper is parallel to the damper itself, so if the zone airflow control handle is across the duct it is closing off air flow.

If the duct damper handle is parallel to the direction of the ductwork the damper is (probably) open.

But if airflow control doesn't seem to work as predicted, some further checking is in order, since it's possible to mount the duct damper handle improperly.

The photo at left shows the duct damper handle turned parallel to the direction in which this old (asbestos-paper covered) heating duct runs, so this airflow damper is in the "open" position.


Air supply register in a floor (C) Daniel Friedman

As we show here, an alternative to manual heating or cooling air zone dampers is the use of mechanical louvers that can be opened or closed at individual supply air registers.

But when an air duct serves multiple rooms in a building, and when we wish that entire area to receive more or less air flow compared with other building areas, it is simpler and more reliable to use a duct damper or zone damper to control the each heated or cooled area at once.

Automatic Heating or Air Conditioning Zone Damper Controls

Photos of automatic zone damper controls wanted - Contact Us

What is an automatic duct damper and how do they work?

Automatic heating or air conditioning zone dampers are mechanical doors that open or shut under thermostatic control to provide individual area or heating or cooling zone control in buildings served by a single warm air heater or central air conditioner. In response to individual room thermostats the damper opens to permit conditioned air to flow into that room or building area when needed.

A motorized duct zone damper (C) Daniel FriedmanAn automatic duct damper is usually controlled by a room thermostat, which opens or closes a metal baffle inside of a warm air (or cool air) heating (or cooling) duct in order to provide multiple heating zone control in a building.

The duct damper is located in an air duct and blocks the flow of warm or cool air into building rooms. It has nothing to do with venting flue gases up a chimney.

Our photo shows a motorized zone damper or air duct zone control produced by TrolATemp® a producer of automatic heating system controls. This unit is an automatic opposed-blade duct damper.


Automatic duct damper (C) Daniel Friedman

Here is a commercial automatic air supply register control which contains a booster fan as well.

You can spot an automatic zone damper on duct work by noticing that there is an external motor mounted on the ducts in one or more locations.

When heating or cooling are not needed in that building area or zone, the duct damper remains in the closed position.

Our photo shows a commercial duct damper in a New York City office building. In this case the damper is controlling airflow out of a supply duct into a single ceiling supply plenum and register.

What is an Automatic Fire Damper in Ductwork and how do they work?

A fire damper is required in air conditioning and heating ducts in some commercial installations and possibly by local residential building codes in some jurisdictions.

A fire damper might work similarly to an automatic duct damper, but its purpose is quite different: in the event that a fire is detected in a building or in its mechanical systems, (by heat or smoke or other means of fire sensing), the fire damper closes off the air duct to avoid spreading smoke or fire rapidly through the building. The fire damper is otherwise normally "open".

A fire damper and the air ducts where it is installed would typically be located to stop fire spread between floors or other sections of a building, and it would be constructed of fire resistant materials. Think of an automatic fire damper as something like a "fire door" in a building. It closes to prevent fire spread.

Photos of automatic fire dampers & controls wanted - Contact Us

Automatic flue dampers, thermostatically controlled zone dampers, and fire dampers are compared and distinguished at DRAFT REGULATORS.

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & answers about zone dampers in heating & A/C ducts

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Technical Reviewers & References

  • InspectAPedia.com® - Daniel Friedman - Publisher & Editor.
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  • Additional technical contributors & reference sources for this article are listed below.

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
  AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS
  ALLOY SYSTEMS FLEXDUCT
  ASBESTOS HVAC DUCTS
  ASBESTOS PAPER on DUCTWORK
  ASBESTOS TRANSITE DUCTWORK
  BALANCING AIR DUCT FLOW
  DUCT & AIR HANDLER ODORS
  DUCT DAMAGE, MECHANICAL
  DUCT INSULATION - Asbestos Paper
  DUCT ROUTING & SUPPORT
  DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC?
  FIBERGLASS DUCT, RIGID CONSTRUCTION
  FIBERGLASS HVAC DUCTS
  FIRE DAMPERS in DUCTWORK
  FLOOD DAMAGE in DUCT WORK
  GOODMAN GRAY FLEXDUCT
  INCREASING RETURN AIR
  LEAKY DUCT CONNECTIONS
  LOCATION OF REGISTERS & DUCTS
  MOLD in AIR HANDLERS & DUCT WORK
  NOISES in DUCT SYSTEM
  ODORS in AIR HANDLERS & DUCT WORK
  OWENS CORNING FLEXDUCT
  OWL FLEXDUCT
  RETURN AIR REGISTERS & DUCTS
  SOUNDPROOFING for DUCTWORK
  SUPPLY DUCTS & REGISTERS
  TRANSITE PIPE AIR DUCTS
  UNDERSIZED RETURN DUCTS
  UNSAFE DUCT OPENINGS
  VIBRATION DAMPENERS
  WATER & ICE IN DUCT WORK
  WET CORRODED DUCT WORK
  ZONE DAMPER CONTROLS

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • Carbon Monoxide Gas Toxicity, exposure limits, poisoning symptoms, and inspecting buildings for CO hazards
  • DUST CONTAMINATION FROM HVAC? An Investigation of Indoor Dust Debris Blamed on a Heating/Cooling System Reveals Carpet Dust
  • Fuel Oil & Oil Heating Magazine, 3621 Hill Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054, 973-331-9545
  • Goodman Furnace High Temperature Plastic Vent HTPV safety recall US CPSC notice
  • Home Heating System Should Be Checked [for proper venting and for CO Carbon Monoxide Hazards - DJF]
  • Inspection Procedures for Oil-Fired Heating Systems Detailed step by step approaches for inspecting complex systems]
  • Lennox Pulse Furnace Safety Inspection/Warranty Program: Carbon Monoxide Warning
  • Oil Tanks - The Oil Storage Tank Information Website: Buried or Above Ground Oil Tank Inspection, Testing, Cleanup, Abandonment of Oil Tanks
  • Oil Tanks Above Ground, UL Standards, guidance for home owners, buyers, and inspectors
  • Plastic Heating Vent Pipe & Other Heating Safety Recall Notices
  • Weil McLain Model GV Gas Boiler/gas valve CPSC recall/repair
  • Domestic and Commercial Oil Burners, Charles H. Burkhardt, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York 3rd Ed 1969.
  • National Fuel Gas Code (Z223.1) $16.00 and National Fuel Gas Code Handbook (Z223.2) $47.00 American Gas Association (A.G.A.), 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 also available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. Fundamentals of Gas Appliance Venting and Ventilation, 1985, American Gas Association Laboratories, Engineering Services Department. American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209. Catalog #XHO585. Reprinted 1989.
  • The Steam Book, 1984, Training and Education Department, Fluid Handling Division, ITT [probably out of print, possibly available from several home inspection supply companies] Fuel Oil and Oil Heat Magazine, October 1990, offers an update,
  • Principles of Steam Heating, $13.25 includes postage. Fuel oil & Oil Heat Magazine, 389 Passaic Ave., Fairfield, NJ 07004.
  • The Lost Art of Steam Heating, Dan Holohan, 516-579-3046 FAX
  • Principles of Steam Heating, Dan Holohan, technical editor of Fuel Oil and Oil Heat magazine, 389 Passaic Ave., Fairfield, NJ 07004 ($12.+1.25 postage/handling).
  • "Residential Steam Heating Systems", Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
  • "Residential Hydronic (circulating hot water) Heating Systems", Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
  • "Warm Air Heating Systems". Instructional Technologies Institute, Inc., 145 "D" Grassy Plain St., Bethel, CT 06801 800/227-1663 [home inspection training material] 1987
  • Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Volume I, Heating Fundamentals,
  • Boilers, Boiler Conversions, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23389-4 (v. 1) Volume II, Oil, Gas, and Coal Burners, Controls, Ducts, Piping, Valves, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23390-7 (v. 2) Volume III, Radiant Heating, Water Heaters, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps, Air Cleaners, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23383-5 (v. 3) or ISBN 0-672-23380-0 (set) Special Sales Director, Macmillan Publishing Co., 866 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022. Macmillan Publishing Co., NY
  • Installation Guide for Residential Hydronic Heating Systems
  • Installation Guide #200, The Hydronics Institute, 35 Russo Place, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922
  • The ABC's of Retention Head Oil Burners, National Association of Oil Heat Service Managers, TM 115, National Old Timers' Association of the Energy Industry, PO Box 168, Mineola, NY 11501. (Excellent tips on spotting problems on oil-fired heating equipment. Booklet.)
  • Links to our list of additional information on heating system inspection, repair, maintenance
  • ...
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