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ALLERGEN TESTS for BUILDINGS
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ACCURACY OF VARIOUS MOLD TEST METHODS
ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT INDOOR MOLD
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DO IT YOURSELF MOLD CLEANUP
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY METHODS COMPARED
LEAD POISONING HAZARDS GUIDE
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MOISTURE CONTROL in BUILDINGS
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MOLD FAQ's
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MOLD INSPECTORS & MOLD TESTERS
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MOLD LEVELS IN BUILDINGS
MOLD by MICROSCOPE
MOLD ODORS, MUSTY SMELLS
MOLD PREVENTION GUIDE
MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE
MOLD RELATED ILLNESS SYMPTOMS
  Types of Mold Reactions
  Alphabetic List of Mold Symptoms
MOLD SPRAYS, SEALANTS, PAINTS
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Photograph of a mold culture dish with several genera/species collected in a home.

Mold Related Illness: Index of Symptoms
InspectAPedia®  -    

  • List of mold related illnesses, symptoms & complaints associated with exposure to mold in buildings
  • Health complaints in moldy homes
  • Health complaints by people sending mold samples to our laboratory
Our site offers impartial, unbiased advice without conflicts of interest. We will block advertisements which we discover or readers inform us are associated with bad business practices, false-advertising, or junk science. Our contact info is at InspectAPedia.com/appointment.htm.

This Mold Related Illness Guide provides an Index of Symptoms of Illnesses caused, or aggravated by indoor mold exposure. Also see MOLD RELATED ILLNESS and Mold spores in the Home - a Photo ID Library for detection and identification of mold allergens on indoor building surfaces and for an atlas of building molds and for more microphotographs of building mold samples observed in our laboratory, see Mold Atlas of Indoor Clinical Mold, Pathogens, Allergens & Other Indoor Particles. Readers may also see MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS.

© Copyright 2010 Daniel Friedman, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use links at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

Broad classes of reactions to allergenic, pathogenic, or toxic mold, allergens, and other indoor gases or particles

  • Allergic Reactions - rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, skin problems, other
  • Pathogenic - Produce Infections
  • Mold Smell Illnesses - headaches, vomiting, nausea, blocked noses, and asthmatic [MVOC's--DF]
  • Toxic Illnesses - produced by mycotoxins:
    • Respiratory Illnesses -
    • Digestive Tract Illnesses - liver diseases: fibrosis and necrosis; vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding
    • Reproductive Illnesses - infertility, variations in reproductive and hormonal cycle
    • Highly Serious Illnesses - Cancer, Tuberculosi, Lupus, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), Chronic Fatigue Disorder (CFS), Fibromyalgi, Epstein-Barr

This list of mold related illness symptoms and complaints is arranged alphabetically and begins just below. This list is a combination specific, diagnosed medical illnesses and other anecdotally reported complaints associated with mold in buildings. Research to establish a firm chain of causation between mold and other indoor particles (or other substances) and these complaints in many cases has not been completed.

We capitalize names of known medical conditions. While the following list may be of assistance to some readers researching this topic, it should by no means be considered as scientifically authoritative nor complete.

Some complaints are listed here without any solid medical evidence regarding causation, if the complaints have been expressed to us by people investigating mold-related illness or building mold contamination. Such data should be considered for research purposes and not medically authoritative.

Contact Us for content suggestions or link exchange requests. © Copyright 2010 Daniel Friedman, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use links at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

Alphabetic List of Mold Related Illnesses and Health Complaints, both Medical and Anecdotal - alphabetical

We are interested in adding to this list as well as providing succinct symptom lists associated with medically-diagnosed mold related illnesses. Suggestions and criticism are invited.

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - QR - S - T - U - V - WXYZ

Alphabetic Index

A

  • abdominal pain
  • abnormal pap smears
  • acid reflux
  • acne
  • allergy symptoms (wide variety of)
  • mild to severe and from transitory to chronic - Ref: Middleton and assoc.
  • Allergic bronchiopulmonary Aspergillosis - worsening of underlying asthma or cystic fibrosis,
    coughing up blood, weight loss - uncommon
  • Allergic Rhinitis and asthma are associated with responses mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)
  • altered immunity
  • anaphylaxis
  • apnea, sleep
  • Aspergilloma (fungal growth in lung), cough, coughing up blood, weight loss. Uncommon.
  • asthma and asthmatic signs
  • asthma, adult onset
  • asthma, sudden onset, any age
  • asthma, increased symptoms or renewal of previously diminished symptoms
  • Asthma due to fungal allergens: chest tightness, wheezing, cough, dyspnea. Worsens w/ exposure. Cx typically occur within 1 hr of exposure

B

  • balance, loss of
  • bladder and kidney pain
  • bleeding lungs
  • blood pressure irregularities
  • body aches and muscle pains
  • boils on skin, especially neck, especially following disturbance of moldy materials (S. chartarum) (photos on file)
    breathing difficulties
  • Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis / allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: inflammatory disease caused by immunologic response Aspergillus sp., usually A. fumigatus, growing in bronchi of asthmatics reported in immunocompromised patients and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been linked to building-related illness (BRI)
  • bruising easily
  • burning mouth
  • burning eyes
  • burning throat
  • burning lungs

C

  • cancer
  • candida, systemic
  • Chronic Candidiasis FAQ - see Dr. Fungus: doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/candida/Chronic_Candidiasis.htm
  • central nervous system disorders (CNS)
  • chest pain associated with excessive coughing
  • chills
  • choking
  • cholesterol or triglycerides unusual variations
  • chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
  • chronic sinus infections
  • coated tongue
  • coccidioidomycosis
  • colds, recurrent
  • constipation
  • cough, dry hacking
  • coughing up blood
  • cryptococcosis

D

  • dandruff resistant to usual treatments
  • dark urine
  • death in extreme cases (humans, other animals)
  • depression
  • Dermatitis: red, itchy skin, rashes
  • diarrhea
  • difficulty concentrating
  • difficulty in swallowing
  • dirt-like taste in mouth
  • disorientation
  • dizziness

E

  • endometriosis
  • eye infections, (beware of undiagnosed fungal eye infections), loss of vision
  • eye irritation

F

  • face flushing intermittent
  • facial movements, unexplained twitching
  • farmers' lung disease
  • fevers
  • fibrous discharge from the nose, nasal fibers, mucosa - (See Morgellon's syndrome or Morgellon's disease below)
  • fibromyalgia - numerous websites and articles discuss possible connections between mold exposure and
    Fibromyalgia - including these:
    http://www.mold-survivor.com/fibromyalgia.html
    http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/SigmaXi/docs/PosterSummaries2003/zagory-
    jessica.pdf#search=%22Fibromyalgia%20mold%20%22 - Swarthmore study
    http://www.personalconsult.com/cgi-bin/htsearch - free clinical search
    we have also corresponded with people who report suffering from Fibromyalgia and significant mold exposures, though the identification of genera/species and level of exposure were lacking.
  • flu-like symptoms: WARNING: flu-like symptoms can be a sign of potentially fatal carbon monoxide poisoning! Immediate help may be required.
  • food allergies
  • frequent bloody noses
  • frequent infections
  • fungal infections, systemic such as histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis, responding to contaminated bird droppings or construction dusts

G

  • Glucan sensitivity: Glucans are glucose polymers that are components of most fungal cell walls, and exposure
    to airborne 13-beta-D-glucan has been known to cause irritation symptoms due to airway
    inflammation (7). However, these irritant effects are transient and self-limiting

H

  • hair loss
  • headaches
  • heart attack
  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis - (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis) - tightness of chest,
    difficulty breathing, cough, fever, muscle aches, reactions occur 6-8 hrs after exposure. - Uncommon.
  • hemorrhagic pneumonitis
  • Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis - (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis) -
  • heartburn
  • histoplasmosis
  • hives
  • hypersensitivity to airborne allergens or house dust
  • hypersensitivity to mold
  • hypersensitivity pneumonitis, associated with T-cell responses and responses mediated by
    immunoglobulin G (IgG). hypersensitivity pneumonitis is characterized by recurrent symptoms of
    fever, cough, and chest tightness and the presence of pulmonary infiltrates on a chest radiograph.
    Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis features progressive dyspnea, fatigue, interstitial pneumonitis, and
    pulmonary fibrosis (Farmer's lung)
Alphabetic Index

I

  • immune system deterioration, decreased resistance
  • indigestion
  • infertility
  • invasive pulmonary aspergillosis - pneumonia, fever, bone pain, chills - occurs in immunocompromised patients - uncommon
  • irritation: aggravated existing allergic rhinitis or asthma
  • irritability
  • irritable bowel syndrome
  • itching skin, eye, nose, mouth

J

  • judgment, loss of ability to think clearly and make decisions

K

  • kidney pain and failure

L

  • learning difficulties
  • leaky gut syndrome
  • liver pain
  • long lasting flu-like symptoms
Alphabetic Index

M

  • memory loss
  • menopause, unanticipated onset
  • metallic taste in mouth
  • migraine headaches
  • mood swings, sudden
  • Morgellon's syndrome or Morgellon's disease: symptoms including fibers in nasal secretions
    fibers in skin and scalp particles or scrapings - skin lesions
  • mucous accumulation on back of the throat
  • multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)
  • mycosis - various mycoses ascribed to mold exposure including
    • Aspergillosis
    • Blastomycosis
    • Candidiasis
    • Coccidioidomycosis
    • Cryptococcosis
    • Histoplasmosis
    • Paracoccidiomycosis
    • Sporotrichosis
    • Zygomycosis
    • also see Trichothecene poisoning (below)
  • mycotoxicosis - Mycotoxins, which typically are cytotoxic, disrupt cell membranes and interfere with the synthesis of protein, RNA, and DNA The only well-documented human mycotoxicoses have been the result of ingestion rather than inhalation
  • also see Trichothecene poisoning (below)

Alphabetic Index

N

  • nasal discharge, green slime, fungus, mucous, other (See Morgellon's syndrome or Morgellon's disease above)
    neck boils or round rash spots (see online photos)
  • night sweats and hot flashes
  • nose irritation
  • nosebleeds
  • numbness in face and limb

O

  • odors, increased sensitivity to (See ODOR DIAGNOSIS CHECKLIST)
  • Pungent odors may initiate avoidance reactions, a generalized feeling of discomfort, breath holding, and a burning sensation on the skin
  • open skin sores and lacerations
  • open sores on head
  • organic dust toxic syndrome
Alphabetic Index

P

  • peripheral nervous system effects
  • personality changes
  • pets, sudden odd behavior, aggressiveness, disorientation, running in circles,
    stumbling, falling, respiratory disorder, sudden death, incl8uding death of pets due to pulmonary hemorraging [area of ongoing research by DJF - web author] See: circling disease in sheep. See "The Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins on Humans, Sheep, & Possibly on Pets" discussed at MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS
  • pets, Cryptococcosis of Cats
  • poor appetite
  • puffy or droopy eyes
  • Pulmonary hemorrhaging:
    Stachybotrys chartarum (S. atra) is a large sticky spore not easily made airborne. Stachybotrys mycotoxin was thought to cause acute pulmonary hemorrhage and death in infants, but the CDC has stated that the association has not been proved).
    About 10 ng of mycotoxins are produced for every 1 million mold spores [Probably widely variable from zero to high numbers based on environmental variables as well as species variation--DF].
    Assuming the exposure is cumulative, inhalation of 109 spores per hour would be required for toxic effects. [This is a very low level and easily obtained in circumstances where occupants are exposed to moldy building materials during demolition or cleaning.-- DJF]
    Therefore, [in the opinion of some experts--DF] it is unlikely that inhalation of fungal parts presumed to contain mycotoxins could produce significant human illness--particularly in a nonagricultural setting.
Alphabetic Index

QR

  • rashes
  • redness of eyes
  • respiratory distress
  • rhinitis
    ringing in ears
  • runny nose
Alphabetic Index

S

  • seizures
  • smells, increased sensitivity to
  • spleen pain
  • shortness of breath (see Asthma, COPD, respiratory disorders)
  • sinus congestion
  • sinusitis, cronic
  • skin rashes or irritation
  • skin redness
  • sleep disorders
  • slurred speech or verbal dysfunction (trouble in speaking)
  • sneezing fits
  • spitting up or vomiting mucous
  • swollen glands
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • Syndromes, mold-related
    • Chromoblastomycosis
    • Eye Infections
    • Lobomycosis
    • Mycetoma
    • Nail, Hair, and Skin disease
    • Onychomycosis (Tinea unguium)
    • Piedra
    • Pityriasis versicolor
    • Tinea barbae
    • Tinea capitis
    • Tinea corporis
    • Tinea cruris
    • Tinea favosa
    • Tinea nigra
    • Tinea pedi
  • Otomycosis
  • Phaeohyphomycosis
  • Rhinosporidiosis
  • Systemic candida infection
Alphabetic Index

T

  • Throat irritation
  • Tightness in the chest (this can be a common symptom of many complaints including mold-triggered asthma attacks)
  • Tinea: most common fungal disease is this superficial mycosis, not linked to IAQ/building-related illness
  • Tremors (shaking)
  • Trichothecene poisoning (Alternate names: Mycotoxins, T2, Yellow rain) - possibly related to mycotoxin exposure from some molds.
    The US CDC offers lab criteria for diagnosis of Trichothecend poisoning including:
    • Biologic: Selected commercial laboratories are offering immunoassays to identify trichothecenes or trichothecene-specific antibodies in human blood or urine (2, 3). However, these procedures have not been analytically validated and are not recommended.
    • Environmental: Detection of trichothecene mycotoxins in environmental samples, as determined by FDA.
    • References for poisoning by mycotoxins, T2, Yellow Rain, or Trichothecenes:
      Clinical Guide to Bioweapons and Chemical Agents, Vincent E. Friedewald, Springer, London, ISBN 978-1-84628-787-9 (online),
      Trichothecene poisoning is discussed in depth at the US CDC website where the following references are also provided:
    • Wannemacher RW Jr, Wiener SL. Trichothecene mycotoxins. In: Zajtchuk R, Bellamy RF, eds. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biologic warfare. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center; 1997:655-77.
    • Croft WA, Jastromski BM, Croft AL, Peters HA. Clinical confirmation of trichothecene mycotoxicosis in patient urine. J Environ Biol 2002;23:301-20.
    • Vojdani A, Thrasher HD, Madison RA, Gray MR, Heuser G, Campbell AW. Antibodies to molds and satratoxin in individuals exposed in water-damaged buildings. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58:421-32.
    • Tuomi T, Reijula K, Johnsson T, et al. Mycotoxins in crude building materials from water-damaged buildings. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000;66:1899-904.
    • US CDC: "Case Definition: Trichothecene Mycotoxin", http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/trichothecene/casedef.asp 3/30/09 discusses the possibility of making weapons from Trichothecene mycotoxins.

U

  • unexplained fevers
  • upper respiratory symptoms (eg, nasal congestion, sinus headache, episodic dyspnea)
  • urinary tract infection (UTI)
Alphabetic Index

V

  • vaginal yeast infections - wee Women' health problems (below)
  • vertigo or dizziness
  • VOC sensitivity:
    • volatile organic chemicals may reach levels sufficient to produce central nervous system symptoms such as headache, inability to concentrate, or dizziness
  • vomiting (nausea)
Alphabetic Index

WXYZ

  • weakness, loss of strength
  • wheezing breath
  • women's health problems, nonspecific
    • yeast infections, vaginal, (other?) symptoms: Vaginal. Recurrent episodes of Candida vaginitis associated with the classic symptoms of pruritus, burning and abnormal discharge.
    • Gastrointestinal. Heartburn, bloating, diarrhea or constipation.
    • Respiratory allergy. Rhinitis, sneezing and/or wheezing.
    • Central nervous system. Anxiety, depression, memory deficits and/or loss of ability to
      concentrate.
    • Menstrual abnormalities. Severe premenstrual tension and/or menstrual irregularities.
      Other Systemic Symptoms.
    • Fatigue, headache and/or irritability.
Alphabetic Index

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Technical Reviewers & References

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

Can Mold Make You Sick? We live in a sea of mold, and other stuff in the air we breathe, on cushions we sit on, clothes we wear, pools we swim-in, and so on. Most mold is not hurting anyone, and some of it makes us well when we're sick(Penicillium notatum, for example). Fear of mold (mycophobia) is unjustified and in our opinion, more a result of media hype, enviro-scare, and gouging consumers. A healthy person walking through a room of moldy air is not likely to die. On the other hand, there is a wealth of less rigorous empirical data matching occupant complaints with indoor mold and allergens. Finally, for certain people, mold can be a serious problem if it's at high levels indoors. It's probably an overstatement by those authorities who assert that "... there are no proven links between mold and illness." we refer readers to some of our lab's references for descriptions of illness-related molds, some of which are found in Buildings:

MOLD ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT MOLD
MOLD AGE - Old is the Mold?
MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE
MOLD APPEARANCE - STUFF THAT IS NOT MOLD
MOLD ATLAS & PARTICLES INDEX
MOLD BY MICROSCOPE
MOLD CLASSES, HAZARD LEVELS
MOLD CLEANERS - WHAT TO USE
MOLD CLEANUP COMPANIES
MOLD CLEANUP GUIDE- HOW TO GET RID OF MOLD
MOLD CLEARANCE INSPECTIONS
MOLD DETECTION & INSPECTION GUIDE
MOLD DOCTOR?
MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE
MOLD EXPOSURE RISK LEVELS
MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS
MOLD FAQ's
MOLD FREQUENCY in BUILDINGS
MOLD GROWTH on SURFACES
MOLD HYPHAL FRAGMENTS
MOLD INSPECTORS & MOLD TESTERS
MOLD LEVEL REPORTS
MOLD LEVELS IN BUILDINGS
MOLD by MICROSCOPE
MOLD ODORS, MUSTY SMELLS
MOLD PREVENTION GUIDE
MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE
MOLD RELATED ILLNESS SYMPTOMS
  Types of Mold Reactions
  Alphabetic List of Mold Symptoms
MOLD SPRAYS, SEALANTS, PAINTS
MOLD STANDARDS
MOLD TEST KITS
MOLD TEST KITS for DIY MOLD TESTS
MOLD TESTING SERVICES
MOLD TEST PROCEDURES
MOLD TESTING METHOD VALIDITY

  1. Identifying Filamentous Fungi, A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, Guy St-Germain, Richard Summerbell, Star Publishing, 1996, ISBN 0-89863-177-7
  2. Fundamentals of Diagnostic Mycology, F. Fisher, N.Cook, W.B. Saunders, 1998, ISBN 0-7216-5006-6
  3. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd Ed., G.S. de Hoog, J. Guarro, J. Gene & M.J. Figueras, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2000 ISBN 90-70351-43-9.
  4. InspectAPedia.com/sickhouse/bibliog.htm contains a more extensive reference list.

Sources for Mole Related Illness List Contents

  • http://InspectAPedia.com/sickhouse.htm - DJ Friedman's anecdotal reports of client's self-reported complaints
  • http://www.doctorfungus.org/ online mycology reference http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2003/06_03/fung.htm
  • postgraduate medicine online http://www.moldinspector.com/ (informative site, sells books about mold)
  • http://www.cleanwaterpartners.org/mold/related-illnesses.html (Environmental Law Firm site)
  • http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ohb/HESIS/molds.pdf California DHS "Molds in Indoor Workplaces"

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building design, inspection, and repair, and about indoor environment testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore.
  • ...
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS GUIDE

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