 Tankless Water Heater Conversion
Demand Water Heaters or Instantaneous Water Heaters or
Endless Hot Water Systems
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Guide to Converting to a Tankless Water Heater: this article explains the conversion from conventional hot water heaters to use of tankless water heaters, also called instant water heaters or "on demand" water heaters. We discuss how to answer the question of whether or not you should convert from a conventional tank-type water heater to a tankless or demand or POU type water heater. Our page top photo illustrates a Takagi tankless water heater. Be sure to also review Tankless Water Heater Installation & Costs where we discuss installation, operating, replacement & maintenance cost comparisons between a demand type or tankless water heater and a conventional tank type water heater.
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Should I Convert my Hot Water Supply to a Tankless Water Heater?
Readers should also see ALTERNATIVE HOT WATER SOURCES to distinguish among these types of hot water producing systems.
The original text of this article was provided courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates - that text has been adapted and edited and may not entirely reflect CD's views. Page top sketch of a point of use tankless water heater courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates. Our OPINION is that readers looking for plenty of hot water heated efficiently should also consider the heater we describe at Indirect-fired Water Heaters. Sketch of a point of use tankless water heater shown at left was provided courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates.
OPINION:
Most of us are familiar with the traditional-style water heater - that big thirty- to sixty-gallon tank taking up space in the basement near the furnace or boiler. These water heaters have served us well with few improvements for decades, but a different breed of water heater has been in use for many decades in Europe and Latin America, and has seen less widespread but growing popularity in the U.S. - the tankless water heater.
Sketch of a point of use tankless water heater (at left) courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates.
The energy-conscious world in which we live has turned its attention to the water heaters of old and has identified two potential areas of improvement. The first is that traditional water heaters are not very efficient at converting the energy in fossil fuels into hot water. Over the last twenty years, furnace and boiler technology has improved the efficiency of home heating, but water heaters have not kept pace, even though the same technology can be applied.
The second possible improvement that can be made to water heaters has to do with the storage of hot water. Traditional water heaters use fuel to heat water inside the tank. If the water is not used, it cools to the point that it must be heated up again.
The result is that we are constantly keeping a large volume of water at a high temperature, even if we are not planning on using any of it in the next little while. This means that while we are sleeping or at work, our water heaters are burning fuel or consuming electricity keeping a whole tank of water hot.
This is not a problem in the winter, when the heat loss from the water heater helps keep the building warm. It is a challenge in the summer, when the building is already warmer than we want. Tank-type water heaters can increase air conditioning costs.
As the name suggests, tankless water heaters have no tank, and therefore no storage capacity at all. When the faucets and fixtures in the home are sitting unused, the water heater is dormant. When somebody turns on a hot water faucet, the tankless heater swings into action.
These units use more powerful burners than conventional water heaters to heat relatively small amounts of water. The result is that the water is heated much more quickly than in an older system and this hot water can be immediately delivered to the fixtures.
A significant advantage of this system is that you can't empty all of the hot water out of the tank because there is no tank - just continuous hot water.
Also, since there is no tank, the water heater itself is much smaller. In most cases, these units are wall-mounted, so we not only do we have improved efficiency, reduced fuel costs, and unlimited hot water, but more free space in our basements!
While this all sounds good so far, there is a reason that everybody isn't switching over right away.
List of Possible Costs (including hidden costs) Involved in Converting to a Tankless or Demand Water Heater
Conventional water heaters, due to their simplicity, are relatively inexpensive, while tankless water heaters are more expensive to purchase.
The complexity of taknless or demand type water heaters also means that maintenance and repairs can be more expensive as well, and while tankless units have been in use around the world for many years, the rapidly evolving technology and our cold climate means that we don't have a great idea how long the typical life expectancy will be in North American homes, though the U.S. DOE estimates 20 years.[15]
When it comes time to change your water heater, that's a good time to consider converting from a tank type water heater and a tankless or demand system.
Watch out: as we advise at Tankless Water Heater Installation & Costs, the economic picture of going tankless may not be as rosy as portrayed, moreso depending on the typical hot water daily usage rate and the total building hot water flow rate that you expect to need in the building or home.
As we advise in that article, if saving water heating cost or return on investment is the principal reason you are considering converting from a conventional hot water tank to a tankless, demand type water heater, you should perform total cost analysis that reflects an accurate and unbiased comparison between the total costs of replacing (or installing new) a tank type water heater and a tankless or demand water heater. Be sure to include these cost factors in your analysis:
- Your family's or building's annual or daily hot water usage volume
- The building's maximum hot water flow or demand rate
- Comparative fuel or energy costs for the water heater of each type
- Installation costs for the conversion from storage tank type to tankless water heater
- Maintenance & repair cost comparisons for the two approaches to heating water
- Cost of extras that may be needed for a successful tankless or demand type water heater installation such as
- multiple point of use water heaters or a higher capacity single tankless water heater to handle maximum hot water flow demand
- requirement to install a water softener or water conditioner to protect the tankless heater from scale formation & clogging
- the extra cost to purchase a tankless or demand heater that resists scale formation/damage
- requirement to install one or more electrical circuits, such as 240V circuits to individual point of use locations for tankless water heaters
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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Technical Reviewers & References
Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
- Mark Cramer Inspection Services Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, Mr. Cramer is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors and is a Florida home inspector and home inspection educator. Mr. Cramer serves on the ASHI Home Inspection Standards. Contact Mark Cramer at: 727-595-4211 mark@BestTampaInspector.com
- John Cranor is an ASHI member and a home inspector (The House Whisperer) is located in Glen Allen, VA 23060. He is also a contributor to InspectApedia.com in several technical areas such as plumbing and appliances (dryer vents). Contact Mr. Cranor at 804-747-7747 or by Email: johncranor@verizon.net
Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 info@carsondunlop.com. The firm provides professional home inspection services & home inspection education & publications. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors. Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The Home Reference Book & illustrations from The Illustrated Home. Carson Dunlop Associates' provides:
- Commercial Building Inspection Courses - protocol ASTM Standard E 2018-08 for Property Condition Assessments
- Home Inspection Education Courses including home study & live classes at eleven colleges & universities.
- Home Inspection Education Home Study Courses - ASHI@Home Training 10-course program.
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on these courses: Enter INSPECTAHITP in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
- The Home Reference Book, a reference & inspection report product for building owners & inspectors.
Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
- The Home Reference eBook, an electronic version for PCs, the iPad, iPhone, & Android smart phones.
Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter inspectaehrb in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
- The Illustrated Home illustrates construction details and building components, a reference for owners & inspectors.
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- The Horizon Software System manages business operations,scheduling, & inspection report writing using Carson Dunlop's knowledge base & color images. The Horizon system runs on always-available cloud-based software for office computers, laptops, tablets, iPad, Android, & other smartphones.
- Consumer Reports offers an article on the efficiency versus the economy of tankless water heaters - see http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/appliances/heating-cooling-and-air/water-heaters/tankless-water-heaters/overview/tankless-water-heaters-ov.htm
- Bosch Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.boschhotwater.com/
- Chromolite Tankless Water Heaters
- Bradford White Everhot Tankless Water Heaters - Bradford White offers this step by step hot water retrofit installation file (large, slow PDF) - www.bradfordwhite.com
- Eemax Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.eemaxinc.com/
- Noritz Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.noritz.com/
- Rheem Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.rheemtankless.com/content/
- Rinnai Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.rinnai.us/tankless-water-heaters/
- Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com/
- Takagi USA Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.takagi.com/
- Titan Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.titanheater.com/
- U.S. Department of Energy on Tankless Water Heaters - http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/water_heating/index.cfm/mytopic=12820
- [15] "Tankless or Demand Type Water Heaters,"
U.S. Department of Energy, retrieved 10/14/2012, original source: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/tankless-or-demand-type-water-heaters [Copy on file as Tankless_Water Heaters_DOE..pdf]
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
 The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
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