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PLUMBING SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR

AGE of PLUMBING MATERIALS & FIXTURES
AIR DISCHARGE at FAUCETS, FIXTURES
AIR INLET VALVE, WATER TANK
AIR VOLUME CONTROLS, WATER TANK
ANTI-SCALD VALVES
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
AQUASTAT CONTROL Functions

BACKDRAFTING HEATING EQUIPMENT
BACKFLOW PREVENTER VALVE, HEATING SYS
BACKFLOW PREVENTER, HEATER WATER FEEDER
BACKUP PREVENTION, SEPTIC
BACKUP PREVENTION, SEWER LINE
BACKWATER VALVES, SEWER LINE
BATH & KITCHEN DESIGN GUIDE
BATHROOM MOLD
BATHROOM VENTILATION
BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS
Bisphenol-A, BPA
BLEVE EXPLOSIONS
BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS
BOILERS, HEATING
BUILDING SAFETY HAZARDS GUIDE

CARBON MONOXIDE - CO
CHECK VALVES, WATER SUPPLY
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS in WATER
CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR
CHLORAMINE / CHLORINE Tests
CHLORINE IN DRINKING WATER
CHLORINE in WATER, HOW TO TEST FOR
CHLORINE IN SEPTIC WASTEWATER
CISTERNS
CLOGGED DRAIN DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
  CLOGGED SUPPLY PIPES, DIAGNOSIS
  CLOGGED SUPPLY PIPES, REPAIR
  CLOGGED SUPPLY PIPES, HOT WATER
  CONDENSATION or SWEATING PIPES, TANKS
CROSS CONNECTIONS, PLUMBING

DEBRIS in WATER SUPPLY, Water Heater
DEPTH of DRAIN & SEWER PIPES
DEPTH of SEPTIC TANK
DRAIN & SEWER PIPING
DRAIN LINE DEPTH
DRAIN NOISES
DRAIN a WATER HEATER TANK
DRINKING WATER - EMERGENCY PURIFICATION
DRINKING WATER - EMERGENCY SOURCES
DRYER VENTING

ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS

FAUCETS & CONTROLS, KITCHEN & BATH
FAUCETS, OUTDOOR HOSE BIBBS
FILTERS, WATER
FLARE FITTINGS
FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP
FLOODED HEATING EQUIPMENT REPAIR
FLOODED SEPTIC SYSTEMS, REPAIR
FLOODED WATER HEATER REPAIR
FLOOR DRAIN / TRAP ODORS
FLUSHOMETER VALVES for TOILETS URINALS
FREEZE-PROOF PIPES

GAS FIRED WATER HEATERS
GAS PIPING, VALVES, CONTROLS
GALVANIC SCALE & METAL CORROSION

HARD WATER - SOFTENERS
HEAT TAPES, Heat, Insulation prevent Freeze-Up
HOT WATER HEATERS

KITCHEN & BATH DESIGN GUIDE
KITCHEN VENTILATION

LEAD POISONING HAZARDS GUIDE
LEAD WATER PIPING HAZARDS & REMEDIES
LEED GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION

MANUALS & PARTS GUIDES - HVAC
METHANE GAS SOURCES
MIXING / ANTI-SCALD VALVES
MIX VALVE SCALD PROTECTION, Best Practices
MUNICIPAL WATER PRESSURE IMPROVEMENTS
MOLD INFORMATION CENTER
MVOCs & MOLDY MUSTY ODORS

NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE
NOISE CONTROL for HEATING SYSTEMS
NOISE CONTROL for PLUMBING
NOISE, PLUMBING DRAIN DIAGNOSIS
NOISE, PLUMBING DRAIN REPAIR
NOISE, PLUMBING CHECKLIST
NOISE, WATER HEATER
NOISES, WATER PUMP

ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE
ODORS IN WATER
ODORS, SEPTIC or SEWER
ODORS SEWER GAS in COLD WEATHER
ODORS, SULPHUR SMELL SOURCES
ODORS, URINE REMOVAL
OIL FIRED WATER HEATERS
OIL-FIRED BOILERS, HEATING
OIL FILTERS on HEATING EQUIPMENT
OIL FUEL TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS
OIL & GAS PIPING
OIL TANKS
OUTHOUSES & LATRINES

PIPING IN buildings, Clogs Leaks Types
PLASTIC CONTAINERS, TANKS, TYPES
PLUMBING FIXTURES, KITCHEN, BATH

RANGE BOILERS
RELIEF VALVES - TP Valves on Boilers
RELIEF VALVES - STEAM TP VALVES
RELIEF VALVES - Water Heaters
RELIEF VALVES - Water Tanks

SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR
SEPTIC METHANE GAS
SEPTIC ODORS
SEPTIC PUMPS
SEPTIC SYSTEM ODORS
SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY
SEWAGE BACKUP, WHAT TO DO
SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
SEWAGE BACKUP PREVENTION
SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
SEWAGE & SEPTIC CONTAMINANTS
SEWAGE CONTAMINATION in buildings
SEWAGE CONTAMINANTS in FRUIT / VEGETABLES
SEWAGE EJECTOR / GRINDER PUMPS
SEWAGE NITROGEN CONTAMINANTS
SEWAGE PATHOGENS in SEPTIC SLUDGE
SEWAGE PUMPS
SEWAGE PUMP CLOG DAMAGE
SEWER BACKUP PREVENTION
SEWER GAS ODORS
SEWER LINE REPLACEMENT
SHUTOFF VALVE LOCATION, USE
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

SULPHUR & SEWER GAS SMELL SOURCES
SUMP PUMPS GUIDE
SUPPLY PIPING
SWEATING (CONDENSATION) on PIPES, TANKS

TOILETS, INSPECT, INSTALL, REPAIR
TOILET ALTERNATIVES
  General Categories of Waterless
  Camping & Emergency Toilets
  Chemical Toilets
  Composting Toilets
  Disabled or Elderly-Use Toilets
  Greywater Septic Systems
  SEPTIC SYSTEM FLOOD REPAIR
  Incinerator Toilet Systems
  OUTHOUSES & LATRINES
TOILET FLUSHOMETER VALVES
TOILET INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
TOILET OVERFLOW EMERGENCY
TOILET PLUGS, SEWER BACKUP
TOILET REPAIR GUIDE
  Toilet Won't Flush at All
  Toilet Drain Clogged
  Toilet Flushes Poorly
  Toilet Leak Catastrophes
  Toilet Runs Continuously
  Toilet Tank Sweats
  Leaky Toilet Seals - Odors
  Loose Toilet Repairs
TOILET TYPES
Toilet Types, Flush Methods
TOILETS, DON'T FLUSH LIST
  NEVER FLUSH INTO SEPTICS
  BETTER NOT TO FLUSH
  HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS
  OTHER CHEMICALS
  CHLORINE IN DRINKING WATER
  CHLORINE IN SEPTIC WASTEWATER
  DISHWASHERS vs SEPTICS
  DRUGS INTO the SEPTIC TANK?
  GARBAGE GRINDERS vs SEPTICS
  REDUCE IMPACT of SOFTENER on SEPTIC
  REVERSE OSMOSIS CONCENTRATE DISPOSAL
  SEWAGE PUMP CLOG DAMAGE
  TOILET TISSUE CHOICES
  WASHING MACHINES & SEPTIC SYSTEMS
  * NO FLUSH SUMMARY LIST
TRAPS on PLUMBING FIXTURES
WATER HEATERS
WATER ODORS, CAUSE CURE
WATER PIPES, Clogs Leaks Types
WATER PRESSURE & FLOW MEASUREMENT
WATER PRESSURE GAUGE ACCURACY
WATER PRESSURE LOSS DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
WATER PRESSURE PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS TABLE
WATER PRESSURE REPAIRS & COSTS
WATER PUMPS, TANKS, TESTS, WELLS, REPAIRS
WATER PUMPS, TANKS, WELLS - BASICS
WATER PUMP TYPES & LIFE EXPECTANCY
WATER PURIFIERS
WATER QUALITY TESTS, CONTAMINANTS, TREATMENT
WATER QUANTITY IMPROVEMENT
WATER QUANTITY USAGE GUIDE
WATER SHUTOFF VALVE LOCATION, USE
WATER SHUTOFF VALVE, WELL PUMP
WATER SOFTENERS & CONDITIONERS
WATER SOURCE ALTERNATIVES
WATER SUPPLY & DRAIN PIPING
WATER TANK: USES, TROUBLESHOOTING
WATER TANK SAFETY
WATER TANK SIZE & VOLUME
WATER TANK TYPES: WATER, OIL, EXPANSION, ALL
WATER TESTS, CONTAMINANTS, TREATMENT
WATER ODORS, CAUSE CURE
WATER PUMPS & WELLS
WATER SOFTENERS & CONDITIONERS
WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT CHOICES

WELL PUMP PRIMING PROCEDURE
WELLS CISTERNS & SPRINGS
WETLAND SEPTIC SYSTEMS
WINTERIZE A BUILDING

More Information

Stained toilet bowl indicates a running toilet (C) Daniel FriedmanSlow-Flushing Toilet Repair Guide - Diagnose & Repair Toilets
InspectAPedia®  -      

  • How to diagnose & fix a slow-flushing toilet
  • How to diagnose and fix a clogged toilet drain
  • How to fix a toilet that is overflowing when flushed - in an emergency
  • How to diagnose and correct drain noises occurring when the toilet flushes
  • Slow toilet tank fill problems
  • Toilets that keep running - fill valve does not shut off the toilet tank fill valve?
  • Toilet flush valve or flapper valve problems
  • Toilet tank fill valves and water sanitation
  • Sewer gas odors in buildings traced to loose or leaky toilet drains
  • How to repair problems causing plumbing drain sounds
  • Questions & answers about fixing slow-flushing toilets and johns or loos
InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers nor with topics or services discussed at this website.

Slow flushing toilet repairs: Here we explain how to diagnose and repair toilets that flush too slowly or have a weak flush, sometimes backing up. This article series TOILET REPAIR GUIDE discusses the cause, diagnosis, and repair of toilet problems (water closet problems) such as a toilet that does not flush well, clogged toilets, slow-filling toilets, running toilets, loose wobbly toilets, and odors at leaky toilets.

Here we explain how to diagnose and repair problems with toilets, leaks, flushes, odors, noises, running and wasted water. Our page top photo shows ugly staining in a toilet bowl - strong evidence that this toilet has been running, wasting water, possibly flooding the septic system, and sometimes giving bad flush performance as well. Details are below.

If the toilet is totally blocked and not flushing, see Toilet Drain Clogged. At PLUMBING DRAIN VENTS we explain the basics of proper plumbing vent piping and how errors cause trap siphonage, odors, and noises. More details about plumbing drain line venting can be found at PLUMBING VENT DEFINITIONS & TYPES, als PLUMBING VENT DEFECTS & NOISES and at CLOGGED DRAIN DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR. Also see WHAT CAN GO INTO TOILETS & DRAINS?.

Citation of this article by reference to this website and brief quotation for the sole purpose of review are permitted. Use of this information at other websites, in books or pamphlets for sale is reserved to the author. Technical reviewers are welcome and are listed at References.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

Toilet Flushes Poorly - Too Slowly, or Leaves Waste in the Bowl

Toilet tank fill line (C) Daniel FriedmanThere are several other reasons why a toilet fails to flush properly besides a clogged drain.

Here we list each cause of toilet flushing difficulties and suggest how to diagnose and repair the condition.

Poor-flushing low-water-consumption toilets: Keep in mind that modern low water consumption toilets (ASME/ANSI A112.19.M) are designed to use 1.6 gallons (6 liters) per flush or less - a desirable step in reducing water consumption in buildings.

But with the lower total flush volume designed into the toilet, if the toilet fill and flush valves are not properly adjusted, these toilets may cause complaints of poor performance. Don't rush to change out a toilet that is not working satisfactorily. toilet flush control tune-up may be all that's needed.

Our photo (above) shows the water level in a modern low-flush toilet tank, sitting just a fraction above the fill line. This toilet has adequate water to flush properly, if it is properly vented and if its drain is not blocked.

Toilet tank parts (C) DanieL Friedman

The sketch (left) helps identify the toilet operating and repair parts we discuss in this article.

The Basics of How Toilets Work

While there have been improvements in toilet tank fill valves, flush valves, floats, and water savings, the design has remained about the same.

A flush lever moves an arm to lift a flapper valve or tank ball to permit water to rush into the toilet bowl below, washing away waste into the sewer pipe.

At the end of the flush cycle, a float arm, or a float moving on a vertical stalk (newer valves) drops to open a valve permitting the toilet tank to refill with water.

When the toilet tank water level reaches the proper level, the float closes the toilet tank fill valve.

If the toilet always flushes, but it empties too slowly, or empties incompletely

Low profile toilet (C) Daniel Friedman
  • The building drain/waste piping may be blocked or partly blocked. Try using a toilet plunger - don't give up too soon. Firts see Toilet Drain Clogged, then see CLOGGED DRAIN DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR and BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS
  • The plumbing vent may be partly blocked. If a gurgling sound is heard at a sink or shower drain only when a nearby toilet is flushed, or at a sink or shower when a nearby tub is draining, we'd suspect that the building drain-vent system is inadequate. See PLUMBING VENT DEFECTS & NOISES.
  • The toilet may not be properly vented. If the trap at the nearby bathroom sink is an "S" trap (shown at PLUMBING DRAIN NOISE DIAGNOSIS), there is a good chance that no plumbing vent was ever provided and it's an older building. See PLUMBING VENT DEFECTS & NOISES
  • A low-profile toilet may be installed (photo at above-left). Some low profile toilets use a very low toilet tank for aesthetic reasons. We have found that some of these models do not flush well, possibly because of the lower water pressure afforded by low profile tanks that are not as high above the toilet bowl. The author's mother swapped out all of the low-profile toilets in her home because of dissatisfaction with the toilet's flush performance.

If the toilet flushes poorly, leaving waste in the bowl and if you are sure that the drain is not blocked

Toilet backup
  • The volume of water in the flush tank may be too small. When the toilet tank refills, notice where the water level is when the fill-up stops.

    The level of water in the toilet tank should be within 1/4" of the "toilet tank fill line" marked inside the toilet tank.

    At the highest possible toilet tank fill-up, the level of water will be just below the top of the toilet tank overflow tube in the center of the tank.
  • The rate of water running into the toilet tank may be too slow (some of this water slightly aids the flush), or
  • The starting volume of water in the toilet bowl may have been too small.

    Too little water in the toilet bowl to start with may be due to a lost or mis-connected fill tube that directs some water into the toilet tank standpipe (and thus into the bowl below), while the toilet tank is being re-filled. Check for that little tube.

    Our photos below show the incorrect (below left) and correct (below right) connection of the toilet tank tube that sends some water into the toilet bowl while the toilet tank is filling. (These are two different toilets.)
Toilet bowl fill tube disconnected Toilet bowl fill tube connected normally
Toilet with tank lid on seat(C) Daniel Friedman

Here is our list of toilet trouble diagnosis and repair articles. You will see that some toilet problems are fixed easily and right at the toilet by a simple adjustment, while others may not be the toilet's fault at all, and may need more thoughtful diagnosis and repair.

Taking off the toilet tank top: Some of these simple toilet diagnosis steps require that you look into the toilet flush tank on the back of the toilet.

Just lift the top off of the toilet tank and set it carefully aside on the floor where you won't break it or trip over it.

If you leave the tank top on the toilet seat (as we did for this photo) you're asking for trouble, and also, it's a bit in the way.

  TOILET REPAIR GUIDE - see more detailed links at page left

Our sketch below shows the parts you'll see inside the toilet tank. You may want to refer back to this drawing while reading the details of each class if individual toilet problems listed above and how they are detected, diagnosed, and repaired.

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Technical Reviewers & References

  • InspectAPedia.com® - Daniel Friedman - Publisher & Editor.
  • InspectAPedia Bookstore lists recommended books, organized by topic & available for purchase. Most of our articles also include a list of recommended books for the specific article topic as well as other references, and information sources.
  • Critique, contributions wanted: Contact Us to suggest corrections or additions to articles at this website, and if you wish, to receive online listing and credit as a contributor. Particular thanks are due to the many experts and also consumers who read and critique technical articles at InspectAPedia.com.
  • Additional technical contributors & reference sources for this article are listed below.

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

  TOILET REPAIR GUIDE
    Toilet Won't Flush at All
    Toilet Drain Clogged
    Toilet Flushes Poorly
    Toilet Runs Continuously
    Toilet Tank Sweats
    Leaky Toilet Seals - Odors
    Loose Toilet Repairs
  TOILETS, INSPECT, INSTALL, REPAIR

  • Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 info@carsondunlop.com. Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission to use illustrations from their publication, The Illustrated Home which illustrates construction details and building components. Carson Dunlop provides home inspection education including the ASHI-adopted Home Inspection Training Program (home study course), publications such as the Home Reference Book, report writing materials including the Horizon report writer, and home inspection services. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
  • Thanks to reader J.D. for discussing troubles getting a toilet to flush properly. The supposition that the toilet flushing problem was due to a defective toilet bowl, versus due to improper fill and flush control setup, was tested ad nauseam by this homeowner, her son, plumbers, and plumbing suppliers. 05/29/2010
  • Pennsylvania State Fact Sheets relating to domestic wastewater treatment systems include
  • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-161, Septic System Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-162, The Soil Media and the Percolation Test
  • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-l64, Mound Systems for Wastewater Treatment
  • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-165, Septic Tank-Soil Absorption Systems
  • Document Sources used for this web page include but are not limited to: Agricultural Fact Sheet #SW-161 "Septic Tank Pumping," by Paul D. Robillard and Kelli S. Martin. Penn State College of Agriculture - Cooperative Extension, edited and annotated by Dan Friedman (Thanks: to Bob Mackey for proofreading the original source material.)
  • ...

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • Don't Flush these things into a septic system
  • Drain Noises: may indicate defective or clogged plumbing: how to diagnose and cure drain sounds
  • SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR The Septic Systems Information Website
  • Sewage Odors in Wet or Cold Weather - Septic Odors or Sewage Odor Diagnosis & Repair Guide for diagnosing and eliminating cold weather sewer gas odors
  • Sewage Levels in Septic Tanks - what are normal and abnormal sewage levels in septic tanks and what do they mean about tank condition, leaks, etc.
  • Sewer Line Replacement diagnosing a clogged drain leads to drain line replacement - step by step photo-illustrated guide to drain replacement
  • Water Pressure Loss - Diagnosis how to determine why water pressure has been lost or why there is no water at all in a building
  • Water pump and pressure tank repair diagnosis & cost an specific case offers an example of diagnosis of loss of water pressure, loss of water, and analyzes the actual repair cost
  • Water pressure tank failures & water pump short cycling diagnosis and repair
  • ...

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