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Photo of a TIF 8800 combustible gas analyzer being used to check a kitchen sink drain for sewer gas leaks Diagnose and Cure Sewer Gas Smells and Septic Tank Odors

Sewer or septic gas odor diagnosis & cure:

This septic or sewer gas odor cure article series, beginning here, describes how to diagnose, find, and cure odors in buildings including septic or sewage or sewer gas smells or "gas odors" in buildings with a focus on homes with a private onsite septic tank but including tips for owners whose home is connected to a sewer system as well.

What makes the smell in sewer gas?

Sewer gases are more than an obnoxious odor. They can be dangerous.

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How to Track Down & Cure Hard-to-Find Sewer Gas Odors in buildings

Leaky cast iron building drain proven by septic dye © D Friedman at InspectApedia.com Watch out: we warn in all sewer or septic gas odor articles that because sewer gas contains methane gas (CH4) there is a risk of an explosion hazard or even fatal asphyxiation.

Article Contents

Sewer gases also probably contain hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S). In addition some writers opine that there are possible health hazards from sewer gas exposure, such as a bacterial infection of the sinuses (which can occur due to any sinus irritation).

Depending on the sewer gas source and other factors such as humidity and building and weather conditions, mold spores may also be present in sewer gases

Question: How do You Check & Track Down Sewer Gas Smells?

How do you measure or check sewer gases to see if the smell we have coming out of our bathroom is a gas or just a smell? and does it measure the smell/gas to see if its at a dangerous level? - K.E.

Hello, I read the article on sewer odors, it was very helpful, I would just like to know what service I should contact to diagnose the exact problem? Do I call a plumbing service, or a duct work service? I am in the dark as to who can actually, accurately, diagnose. - Anonymous by private email 2016/09/19

Reply: Start Tracking Down Sewer Gas or Septic Gas Indoor Odors Right Here: whom to call, what to do.

Gas piping repairs in Brooklyn NY on Washington Ave in 2015 (C) Daniel FriedmanGood questions, thanks for asking. Whom you need to call about a sewer odor problem depends on the situation.

  1. Watch out: If sewer gas odors or other gas odors are judged as strong in a building connected to municipal sewer and/or if municipal sewer or gas lines are present in the neighborhood, you need to consider both possible health hazards and the risk of a methane gas or natural or propane gas explosion.

    For strong and especially sudden sewer gas odors and certainly for propane or natural gas odors I'd leave the building (along with all occupants) and call for help from emergency services.

    This advice is a bit extreme, but I'm considering the problem of offering advice to a stranger in an unknown situation in a context where on occasion such catastrophes occur.

    For example, as early as January 4, 1895 a sewer gas explosion occurred in the basement of Edward Keeley's Saloon in Chicago. (Eight men were injured.) On 29 May 1937 a sewer gas explosion sent a manhole cover airborne, killing a Chicago man.

    Watch out: In addition, because some building occupants may mistake a gas leak for sewer gas, even more severe explosion hazards can be present. It would be smarter and safer to get out of such a building and call for help.

    In June 2015 the National Transportation Board concluded that in 2014 a large explosion in East Harlem in Brooklyn NY that destroyed two five-story buildings and killed eight people was probably caused by a poorly welded joint in a Con Edison gas line and a break in an old city sewer line. The NTSB had previously found a leak in a cast iron gas main that had been installed in 1887.

    Our photo shows Con Edison workers performing gas line replacement & repair work on Washington Avenue in Brooklyn, NY in April 2015.

    In considering our warning above, it's worth noting that the NTSB panel also found that an emergency services dispatcher had failed to make a follow-up call to the New York Fire department, possibly preventing a partial evacuation of the destroyed buildings.

    Con Edison, New York City's gas utility, in turn blamed the blast on negligent street maintenance. - Sources: Cavlieri, Victoria, "Crews Focus on Gas Line in NY Explosion", Duluth News Tribune, 17 March 2014; CBS New York, retrieved 2016/09/19, original source: http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2015/06/09/east-harlem-explosion-ntsb-report/

    See also METHANE & SEWER GAS HAZARDS
  2. If you smell sewer odors in a building but cannot find the source, a building inspector, home inspector, hygienist, or plumber might be able to help track down the origin of the smell, but it is economical and sensible to try to do some basic problem solving yourself first by noting where odors are strongest and checking for obvious snafus like a loose toilet, gurgling drains, or odors at a specific drain that my have a dry trap.

    Many such inspectors supplement their visual inspection with gas detection instruments discussed below in this same article.
  3. IF the sewer gas odor is traced to the plumbing drain/waste/vent system then you need the help of a licensed plumber to correct the problem. In addition to effecting necessary repairs, more sophisticated plumbers may perform a smoke or pressure test of the drain venting system and may also send a remote camera through the drain system to diagnose its condition.
  4. IF the sewer gas odor is due to a failing or blocked septic system (private onsite waste disposal system) you need a septic pumping company and then a septic repair contractor to diagnose and correct the system.

A competent onsite inspection by an expert usually finds additional clues that help accurately diagnose a problem. That said, here are some things to consider:

First Steps in Septic or Sewer Smell Diagnosis: Check for the Source and Cure of Sewer Gas Odors

What steps are useful to avoid smelling (or blowing up from) the gases that form and naturally want to escape from residential septic systems? How can we diagnose sewer odors at a building site to determine if it's a venting problem, a failure of the septic system, or the failure of a neighbor's septic system, or perhaps even a leak from a fuel gas line or appliance?

First Check for Very Dangerous Conditions: fuel gas leaks, sewer gas leaks, gas accumulation

Photograph of an LP gas leak at a flare fitting (C)DJ Friedman 2007Watch out: both hydrogen sulfide gas and methane gas are potentially explosive

Check for leaks in fuel gas lines and appliances
: the mercaptan put into LP gas and natural gas is inserted there by the gas company as a safety feature so that people may notice that they have a dangerous (explosive) gas leak in their home. Some people may confuse this odor with a septic tank gas odor.

The photo shows black stains on copper tubing at the flare fitting connecting an LP gas line to a shutoff valve. Some service technicians point to stains on piping as an evidence of a possible chronic leak in the gas line at this point.

If you suspect that there is a fuel gas leak in a home, or even if there is a gas odor from any source, leave the building and call your fire department for assistance. 

Even so simple a task as dialing a telephone could provide a dangerous spark and cause an explosion. In New York City there seems to be about one terrible gas explosion a year that is blamed on either a fuel gas leak or a sewer gas leak which accumulated explosive gas in a building.

Also see GAS PIPING & TANK DEFECTS.

Observe septic system safety procedures When opening a septic tank for service or repair, observe the safety precautions I describe earlier on this web page.

We have had reports of a septic pumper having his face burned by exploding methane when he lit a cigarette during pumping, a homeowner who generated an explosion of the septic tank that rocked the entire neighborhood when he built a brush fire atop the septic tank.

We have also read of deaths occurring when untrained service people entered a pumped-out septic tank to inspect it.

Also Check for the presence of Chinese drywall: because it is easy to mistake other sulphur odors for sewer gas, if your building was built or remodeled between 2001 and 2007, especially in 2006 or 2007, see

CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS - the corrosive outgassing of Chinese drywall can make smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors unsafe and it may also be an indoor air quality concern in some buildings.

At SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY we explain that gases produced in a septic tank are dangerous, as a potential source of explosion and as a cause of death by asphyxiation if someone falls into or deliberately enters a septic tank.

Hydrogen Sulfide Gas H2S Properties, Exposure Pathology, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis

In low concentrations (less than 0.15 mg per liter), hydrogen sulfide may produce inflammation of the eyes, nose, and throat if breathed for periods of 1/2 to 1 hour.

Higher concentrations (0.75 mg per liter or greater) are rapidly fatal, presumably by combination of the hydrogen sulfide with the respiratory tissue pigments and the subsequent paralysis of the respiratory center.

The symptoms depend upon the concentration of the gas. At the lowest concentrations, the effects are chiefly on the eyes; that is, conjunctivitis, swollen eyelids, itchiness, smarting, pain, photophobia, and blurring of vision. At higher concentrations, respiratory tract symptoms are more pronounced.

Rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and bronchitis may occur. Pulmonary edema may result. At very high concentrations, unconsciousness, convulsions, and cessation of respiration rapidly develop.

Watch out: higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas (0.75 mg per liter or greater) are rapidly fatal, presumably by combination of the hydrogen sulfide with the respiratory tissue pigments and the subsequent paralysis of the respiratory center.

Details about hydrogen sulfide gas are

at HYDROGEN SULFIDE GAS where we discuss the effects of exposure to H2S and H2S exposure limits.

Question: How do I Seal a Septic Gas Leak Entering the House Through Electrical Conduit?

The original discussion at this location has been moved to a separate article

at SEWER SEPTIC GAS CONDUIT LEAKS Through Electrical Conduit? - Separate article

Question: There is a Septic Tank Odor Coming from a Vent Under My Air Conditioner: Who do I Call?

The original discussion at this location has also been moved to a separate article now

at - SEWER SEPTIC ODORS in HVAC DUCTS

Biogas Plants: Using Septic Gas or Sewer Gas for Fuel

Please

see BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION & USE for our full article on this topic.

A few readers have asked if they could just capture methane gas from their septic tank to use as a household fuel for heating, cooking, or gas lighting. And there are septic-tank-like systems designed for that purpose, but as we warn below, don't just try hooking up your septic tank to a gas burner.

Indeed biogas can be produced, captured, compressed (like natural gas) and used as a fuel, including powering vehicles.

See BIODIESEL HEATING FUELS for information about using biodiesel in oil burners designed for heating appliances: boilers, furnaces, water heaters

 




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Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above

Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs

On 2021-12-01 by Inspectapedia Com Moderator (mod) - sewage odor in wet weather

@Janet,

The observation that you observe odors in wet weather may be a clue that the septic system is backing up or that there's a leak;

Try pinpointing the odor source to a specific drain, like that washing machine standing drainpipe.

Let me know what you find.

On 2021-11-30 by Janet

Seven weeks ago we had a new septic tank & field installed.

Since then, an awful smell akin to rotten eggs has manifested itself in our laundry room. It seems to be stronger on the days when we use water a lot i.e. laundry, showers, etc. or a heavy rainfall.

We are wondering if when the new tank was installed as to whether the pipe leading from the house was disturbed in some way. We have tried to pinpoint the odor with no luck.

On 2021-12-01 by Inspectapedia Com Moderator (mod) - periodic septic smell in bathroom

@Mary,

It doesn't seem likely that an outdoor septic odor would concentrate back just in a laundry room; I'd be looking for a plumbing vent that's downdrafting in windy conditions.

On 2021-06-08 by Mary

Septic smell: We have lived in our house for 40 years. We gave a septic system. All of a sudden we get a horrible septic smell in our bathroom but only at certain times. We’ve checked for leaks, made sure if there are no dry traps, etc.

Can our septic air be held in an area with low wind from a particular direction, causing it to not vent away from the house and accumulate, causing the smell? We can go months with no issue and then suddenly the smell is back. Seem on no or low wind days.

On 2021-04-07 - by (mod) - don't just seal openings to abandoned septic tank

@Steve,

For safety it's best to pump out, clean, then fill-in abandoned septic tanks.

See SEPTIC TANK ABANDONMENT GUIDE

On 2020-08-20 by Steve

Our old gravity feed septic system failed last fall, field was over 50 years old. We had a new system installed comprising of new tank, lift pump in a separate tank and a raised bed field. We started noticing septic odors this spring, usually after doing laundry or running dishwasher. The tank pumper chamber are at the side of the house within 20 feet.

The raised bed is at the front of the house 40 feet away. The odors were coming from the vicinity of the tanks. I did find that there were only 3 screws in each lid where there should have been 6. I installed the missing screws and tightened the 3 lids down.

This made a big improvement but the was still some odors in the area when using appliances. The only other place I could trace the odor source to is a 3” PVC pipe the runs from the pump chamber to the side of the house, it carries the power supply and alarm wiring to the panel on the front of the house.

It is not sealed airtight, only a cap with a notch cut into it. Could this be the source, can I seal it without impacting anything? We never had any odors with our old failing system, just slow draining and back ups.

On 2014-12-04 by Anonymous - smelly latrines at nearby school

we have school on backside of our home...there is passage where windows from lounge and bedroom open... they constructed latrines there for students with wall of our house...smell unbearable what can we do?

On 2014-11-29 by Anonymous

Desperate for help! I have lived in my house 14 years, new construction not by us. The previous owners home burned down they built a new home on the old foundation, with a new septic, due to building a larger home.

We have had a septic smell since moving into this home. The smell very rarely happens in the warm weather, occurs with heavy water load ie: laundry. The smell is coming from the basement, we have had several plumbers in to help, no one can find this smell. Seems to just "float" across the ceiling and thru the rest of the house. We have a woodstove in the basement and when it's burning its about a 100% chance of getting the smell.

The basement was unfinished, we finished and added a full bath using the rough in that was there, it did not change the smell issue. It gets so bad sometimes we get headaches. The last plumber we had replaced the main drain into the house, the smell comes from that area but it made no difference.

The smoke test has been recommended to us but I am afraid if it is behind the walls that $500.00 fee will be for nothing. We need help. I have read through your information here and just do not know what to do next? Thank you in advance.

On 2014-11-15 - by (mod) - Sewer smell really bad coming from floor drain in basemen

Rhonda

Your plumber can install a one-way drain vent/trap at the floor drain to stop back-venting of sewer gases but some diagnosis would be more useful: there may be a partly blocked drain or improper drain venting. Let us know what your plumber thinks.

On 2014-11-15 by Rhonda

Sewer smell really bad coming from floor drain in basement. We have had the main replaced out front and a broken pipe under basement floor. We have even cleaned vent pipes on roof. The drain still emits a blowing sewer smell. We replaced an upstairs toilet a few years back with a low flow one. Can this be the problem? Please help, the smell is starting to make us sick

On 2014-10-13 by mod -

Look for a clogged laundry drain or a failing drywell or septic system.

On 2014-10-13 by Anonymous - smell during laundry

Every time I am doing laundry...the kitchen sink starts burping and bubbling noises. Then a terrible smell of gases... What is it.

On 2014-09-12 - by (mod) - Sewage piping clogs can indeed push sewer gases out

Sewage piping clogs can indeed push sewer gases back up into a building where, particularly if there are dry traps, leaky toilet wax rings, or any defects in the vent system, odors show up inside.

By the way, cutting out roots is only a brief band-aid fix for root clogged pipes.

On 2014-09-09 by Michelle

Almost two months ago my septic backed up and we had to have the plumber come out and cut the roots out of the pipes. They came back three days later and emptied the septic for the first time in 6 years. Since then, every time we use water in larger amounts.

ie, washer, dishwasher, multiple showers - my house FILLS with a moldy, mildewy smell and we can't seem to pinpoint where it is coming from. Any ideas??

On 2014-09-02 - by (mod) - smell in new house bathroom

Check for incomplete or improper drain, waste, or vent plumbing for the smelly bathroom

On 2014-09-01 by Fiona

Can anyone help please. New house, two bathrooms finished, terrible smell from one.

Then installed the next en suite and the smell is now in that room and gone from the previous room? We put a new toilet in the old room that smelt and new toilet in the new en suite but used the same cistern.

We still have another en suite to complete but the smell in the new one is awful. We have an eco friendly septic tank. Does anyone have any ideas please?


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Continue reading  at SEWER GAS ODORS in COLD / WET WEATHER or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete ARTICLE INDEX.

Or see SEWER GAS SMELL FAQs - questions and answers about how to find the source of and fix septic, sewer, or similar odors in or around buildings, posted originally at this article

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SEWER GAS ODORS at InspectApedia.com - online encyclopedia of building & environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, & problem prevention advice.


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