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Free Encyclopedia of Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, Repair

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ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE

AIR POLLUTANTS, COMMON INDOOR
AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES
ALLERGEN TESTS for BUILDINGS
ANIMAL ODORS IN BUILDINGS

BACKDRAFTING HEATING EQUIPMENTAQ
BIOGAS PRODUCTION & USE
BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS
BOOKSTORE - ENVIRONMENTAL

CARPETING & INDOOR AIR QUALITY
CHINESE DRYWALL HAZARDS
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS in WATER
COMBUSTION GASES & PARTICLE HAZARDS

DIRECTORY of MOLD / ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS
Disinfecting Buildings with Bleach
DRYWALL MOLD
DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
DUST SAMPLING PROCEDURE

EMERGENCY RESPONSE, IAQ, GAS, MOLD

FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP

GASES, EXPOSURE, TESTING
GAS DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
GAS EXPOSURE LIMITS & STANDARDS

INDOOR AIR QUALITY & HOUSE TIGHTNESS
INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE
INDOOR AIR QUALITY METHODS COMPARED

LIGHT, GUIDE to FORENSIC USE
LP & Natural Gas Safety Hazards
Legionella Legionnaires' Disease

METHANE GAS SOURCES
MILDEW in BUILDINGS ?
MOISTURE CONTROL in BUILDINGS
MOLD: A COMPLETE GUIDE to TEST CLEAN PREVENT
MOLD ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT MOLD
MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE
MOLD or INDOOR AIR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
TEST KITS for DUST, MOLD, PARTICLE TESTS
MVOCs & MOLDY MUSTY ODORS

ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE
OUTHOUSES & LATRINES
OZONE HAZARDS
OZONE for MOLD OR ODORS

PLUMBING SYSTEM ODORS

SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY
SEPTIC SYSTEM ODORS
SEPTIC TREATMENTS & CHEMICALS
SEWAGE & SEPTIC CONTAMINANTS
SEWAGE CONTAMINATION in BUILDINGS
SEWAGE EJECTOR / GRINDER PUMPS
SEWAGE PATHOGENS in SEPTIC SLUDGE
SEWAGE PUMPS
SEWAGE BACKUP, WHAT TO DO
SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
SEWER GAS ODORS
SEWER LINE REPLACEMENT
SIDING VINYL
SMELL PATCH TEST to Track Down Odors
STAIN & BIODETERIORATION AGENT CATALOG
STAINS on & in BUILDINGS, CAUSES & CURES
SULPHUR & SEWER GAS SMELL SOURCES

THERMAL IMAGING MOLD SCANS

UV LIGHT BLACK LIGHT USES

VENTILATION in BUILDINGS
Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs

WASTEWATER TREATMENT BASICS
WATER ODORS, CAUSE CURE
WATER TESTS, CONTAMINANTS, TREATMENT
WATER TEST CHOICES & WATER TEST FEES
WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT CHOICES
WATER, WELLS, WATER TANKS: TESTING GUIDE
WETLAND SEPTIC SYSTEMS

More Information

Photograph of a home made septic tank in snow How to Separate Plumbing Fixtures from Plumbing Drain System as the Source of Sewage or Septic Odors
     

  • How to separate Plumbing Fixtures from Plumbing Drain System as the Source of Sewage or Septic Odors
  • Causes and cures for sewer gas odors diagnosed by making a distinction between fixture-related odors and main drain or septic system related odors
  • How to find and cure bad smells in buildings by narrowing down the investigation
  • SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR - separate article
  • Questions & Answers about diagnosing sewer gas smells: how to distinguish odors from drains from odors due to sewage backup or septic failures
  • References

Click to Show or Hide Related Topics

  • SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR - home
  • ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE - home
  • BACKDRAFTING & SEWER/SEPTIC ODORS
  • DIAGNOSE SEWER ODORS
  • DRAIN & SEWER PIPING
  • DRAIN LINE PIPE LEAKS
  • DRAIN ODOR SOURCES
  • DRAIN PIPING & SEWER ODORS
  • DRAINFIELD ODORS, FAILURES
  • DUCT & AIR HANDLER ODORS
  • FIXTURE vs SYSTEM DRAIN BLOCKAGE
  • FLOOR DRAIN / TRAP ODORS
  • GAS DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
  • GAS TEST PROCEDURES
  • LEAKY TOILET SEALS, ODORS
  • METHANE GAS, SEPTIC / SEWER
  • METHANE GAS SOURCES
  • ODOR DIAGNOSIS CHECKLIST, PROCEDURE
  • ODOR DIAGNOSIS EVENT LOG & CHECKLIST
  • ODOR REMOVING DETERGENTS
  • ODOR SOURCES SEPTIC or SEWER
  • ODOR SOURCES SULPHUR SMELL
  • ODORS, SEPTIC or SEWER - home
  • ODORS IN WATER
  • OTHER ODORS BLAMED on SEPTIC/SEWER
  • OZONE for MOLD OR ODORS
  • PLUMBING FIXTURE TRAPS
  • PLUMBING SYSTEM ODORS
  • PLUMBING VENT DEFECTS & NOISES
  • REMEDIES for SEPTIC SYSTEM ODORS
  • REMEDIES for SEWER ODORS
  • SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY
  • SEPTIC SYSTEM ODORS - home
  • SEPTIC ODOR SOUIRCES
  • SEPTIC TREATMENTS & CHEMICALS
  • SEWAGE & SEPTIC CONTAMINANTS
  • SEWAGE CONTAMINATION in BUILDINGS
  • SEWAGE EJECTOR / GRINDER PUMPS
  • SEWAGE PATHOGENS in SEPTIC SLUDGE
  • SEWAGE PUMPS
  • SEWAGE BACKUP, WHAT TO DO
  • SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
  • SEWER GAS ODORS - home
  • SEWER GAS ODORS in COLD WEATHER
  • SEWER LINE REPLACEMENT
  • SMELL PATCH TEST to Track Down Odors
  • SITE, WEATHER, NEIGHBORS SEWER ODORS
  • TEST FOR INDOOR SEWER GAS
  • TRACK SEPTIC ODOR to SOURCE
  • TRACK SEWER ODOR to SOURCE
  • URINE / ANIMAL ODORS IN BUILDINGS
  • UV LIGHT BLACK LIGHT USES
  • VOCs VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • WATER ODORS, CAUSE CURE
InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

Sewer or Septic Odor troubleshooting: here we explain how to sort out the causes of a methane or sewer gas smell by distinguishing between odors at plumbing fixtures compared with odors due to drain. waste, or vent piping troubles. The photograph at page top provides a lot of septic odor diagnostic information, as we will elaborate here.

Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.

Diagnosing fixture versus plumbing system blockage problems for correcting septic or sewer gas odors

Toilet wax ringToilet installation How to tell a local problem at one fixture from a system wide plumbing problem:

  • If one fixture or one group of fixtures is not draining well, suspect a local problem with blockage or venting at an individual plumbing fixture or at one or two plumbing fixtures in the same room, sharing a common (blocked) drain, while plumbing fixtures in other areas of the building are performing normally.
  • Odors that occur only at one bathroom when no drains are slow might be due to a leaky toilet seal, or to trap or drain problems serving just that bath.

The photos just above show a toilet wax ring being replaced. Even if the toilet is not rocking on the floor - that is, it appears securely bolted down, if the wax ring is damaged sewer gases may leak out in that bathroom around that individual fixture. See LEAKY TOILET SEALS, ODORS.

  • If all building drains are slow or blocked throughout a building then we suspect a system waste line blockage or blocked septic system.

Leaky cast iron building drain proven by septic dye (C) D Friedman

  • If lower floor plumbing fixtures back up while upper floor fixtures appear to drain normally, the problem may still be a system blockage, such as a blocked main drain. The upper floor fixtures are simply draining into the sewer line with apparently no problem, but when the volume of wastewater in the sewer line is great enough the sewage backs up into the lowest fixtures in the building, often in a basement.
  • If odors occur all the time when the building is in use, (as opposed to only when a particular area, bathroom, or fixture is in use) the problem could be from one particular smelly fixture or leak (see photo at left and notice that pink septic dye proving a leak at a damaged main drain connection) whose odors travel in the building, but we also consider that there may be a main drain or vent leak or blockage.

Odors caused by slow drains or septic drainfields: Included here but not common is the odor causing effects of a slow drain or drainfield: sometimes there will be a partial clog, causing septic effluent to back up and then recede as the drain empties.

In this case there may be no visible actual sewage backup into the building. The same thing could occur if the backup was caused by a failing drain field - the system may back up when there is a large volume of wastewater but then slowly recede. Or it might just create enough back pressure to push gas through the traps but no actual effluent. See Septic Inspection Testing for details.

How to diagnose partial drain blockages: If a partial drain blockage is the problem (watch out it could be due to a damaged pipe or tree roots in which case simply snaking the line is just a band-aid short-term fix), you might notice the problem more when the volume of wastewater surges, such as when doing laundry or emptying a bathtub. See CLOGGED DRAINS.

An increase in the number of occupants in the building (and thus using the bathrooms) will also cause a surge in wastewater volume and may disclose these conditions.

Septic Blockages and Sewer Odors in Wet Weather

A very common source of drainfield failure as well as an occasional source of septic tank back-flooding and occasional push of sewer gases (or sewage) back into a building is the failure to protect the septic tank and drainfield from surface runoff and ground water. An intercept drain may be needed. If this is the case septic problems (odors or backups) will be associated with heavy rainfall or wet weather.

See Septic Inspection Testing for details.

Indoor Septic Odors with Outdoor Causes

Septic odors in the house could indicate that effluent is backing up into the house past the traps which normally intercept the odors, or entering at a building window or door which has had a plumbing vent terminated too close by. Such odors may or may not mean the septic system is failing. A backed up septic system does not always equal a failing septic system

See Septic Inspection Testing for details.

Outdoor Septic System or Sewer Gas Odor Sources and Causes

If you are smelling sewage odors outside in cold weather but not inside be sure to check these items:

  • Photograph of a suspicious wet area in deep snow on a residential property near the reported septic drainfield.

Check for wet areas that may indicate septic system effluent leaking to the surface of your own or nearby properties.

The photograph shows that even in deep winter snow, melted wet areas may be observed if they are active.

 

See Septic Inspection Testing for a list of diagnostic articles.

  • Is there a municipal sewer?: Make certain that your building and your neighbors are served by private septic systems as opposed to a municipal sewer. Gases from a municipal sewer are also explosive and can be present in large quantity.
  • Is it a sewer gas or a fuel gas leak?: Make certain that what you're smelling is sewer gas and not a fuel gas leak such as LP gas or natural gas from a gas appliance, fixture, or gas line. There are serious explosion hazards with gas fuels. If you suspect a fuel gas leak leave the building and call your fire department from a safe location.

    See Tests for Indoor Sewer Gas.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Technical Reviewers & References

Use links just below at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

  FIXTURE vs SYSTEM DRAIN BLOCKAGE - see detailed links at page top & left

  • Herb Reed County Extension Director, Agricultural and Natural Resources Educator, Calvert County Maryland - private email to DF 9/5/2006 adding comments about odors and partial blockages.
  • The Septic System Information Website home page for this topic
  • Septic Systems Inspection, Testing, & Maintenance- online textbook. Detailed how to inspect, maintain, repair information
  • The Home Buyer's Guide to Septic Systems
  • Septic Tank Pumping Guide: When, Why, How to pump the septic tank
  • Home & Outdoor Living Water Requirements
  • Septic Tank Capacity vs Usage in Daily Gallons of Wastewater Flow, calculating required septic tank size, calculating septic tank volume from size measurements
  • Septic Tank/Soil-Absorption Systems: How to Operate & Maintain [ copy on file as /septic/Septic_Operation_USDA.pdf ] - , Equipment Tips, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 8271 1302, 7100 Engineering, 2300 Recreation, September 1982, web search 08/28/2010, original source: http://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfimage/82711302.pdf.
  • How Big Should the Leach Field Be? - table of soil percolation rate vs. field size
  • Septic System Drainfield Absorption System Biomat Formation - what leads to drain field clogging and expensive drainfield repairs
  • Table of Required Septic & Well Clearances: Distances Between Septic System & Wells, Streams, Trees, etc.
  • Ten Steps to Keeping a Septic System Working, suggestions from the U.S. EPA, edits and additions by DJF
  • Pennsylvania State Fact Sheets relating to domestic wastewater treatment systems include
    • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-161, Septic System Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment
    • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-162, The Soil Media and the Percolation Test
    • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-l64, Mound Systems for Wastewater Treatment
    • Pennsylvania State Wastewater Treatment Fact Sheet SW-165, Septic Tank-Soil Absorption Systems
    • Document Sources used for this web page include but are not limited to: Agricultural Fact Sheet #SW-161 "Septic Tank Pumping," by Paul D. Robillard and Kelli S. Martin. Penn State College of Agriculture - Cooperative Extension, edited and annotated by Dan Friedman (Thanks: to Bob Mackey for proofreading the original source material.)
  • ...

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson DunlopThe Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

    Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.

  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
    Building inspection education & report writing systems from Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd
  • Advanced Onsite Wastewater Systems Technologies, Anish R. Jantrania, Mark A. Gross. Anish Jantrania, Ph.D., P.E., M.B.A., is a Consulting Engineer, in Mechanicsville VA, 804-550-0389 (2006). Outstanding technical reference especially on alternative septic system design alternatives. Written for designers and engineers, this book is not at all easy going for homeowners but is a text I recommend for professionals--DF.
  • Builder's Guide to Wells and Septic Systems, Woodson, R. Dodge: $ 24.95; MCGRAW HILL B; TP; Quoting from Amazon's description: For the homebuilder, one mistake in estimating or installing wells and septic systems can cost thousands of dollars. This comprehensive guide filled with case studies can prevent that. Master plumber R. Dodge Woodson packs this reader-friendly guide with guidance and information, including details on new techniques and materials that can economize and expedite jobs and advice on how to avoid mistakes in both estimating and construction. Chapters cover virtually every aspect of wells and septic systems, including on-site evaluations; site limitations; bidding; soil studies, septic designs, and code-related issues; drilled and dug wells, gravel and pipe, chamber-type, and gravity septic systems; pump stations; common problems with well installation; and remedies for poor septic situations. Woodson also discusses ways to increase profits by avoiding cost overruns.
  • Country Plumbing: Living with a Septic System, Hartigan, Gerry: $ 9.95; ALAN C HOOD & TP; Quoting an Amazon reviewer's comment, with which we agree--DF:This book is informative as far as it goes and might be most useful for someone with an older system. But it was written in the early 1980s. A lot has changed since then. In particular, the book doesn't cover any of the newer systems that are used more and more nowadays in some parts of the country -- sand mounds, aeration systems, lagoons, etc.

Design Manuals for Septic Systems

  • US EPA Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual [online copy, free] Top Reference: US EPA's Design Manual for Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, 1980, available from the US EPA, the US GPO Superintendent of Documents (Pueblo CO), and from the National Small Flows Clearinghouse. Original source http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/Pubs/625R00008/625R00008.htm Onsite wastewater treatment and disposal systems, Richard J Otis, published by the US EPA. Although it's more than 20 years old, this book remains a useful reference for septic system designers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Program Operations; Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory; (1980)
  • Eco John® Innovative Toilet Solutions, Global Inventive Industries, Fountain Valley CA, PDF, product brochure
  • "International Private Sewage Disposal Code," 1995, BOCA-708-799-2300, ICBO-310-699-0541, SBCCI 205-591-1853, available from those code associations.
  • "Manual of Policy, Procedures, and Guidelines for Onsite Sewage Systems," Ontario Reg. 374/81, Part VII of the Environmental Protection Act (Canada), ISBN 0-7743-7303-2, Ministry of the Environment,135 St. Clair Ave. West, Toronto Ontario M4V 1P5 Canada $24. CDN.
  • Manual of Septic Tank Practice, US Public Health Service's 1959.

Onsite Wastewater Disposal Books

  • Onsite Wastewater Disposal, R. J. Perkins; Quoting from Amazon: This practical book, co-published with the National Environmental Health Association, describes the step-by-step procedures needed to avoid common pitfalls in septic system technology. Valuable in matching the septic system to the site-specific conditions, this useful book will help you install a reliable system in both suitable and difficult environments. Septic tank installers, planners, state and local regulators, civil and sanitary engineers, consulting engineers, architects, homeowners, academics, and land developers will find this publication valuable.
  • Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems, Bennette D. Burks, Mary Margaret Minnis, Hogarth House 1994 - one of the best septic system books around, suffering a bit from small fonts and a weak index. While it contains some material more technical than needed by homeowners, Burks/Minnis book on onsite wastewater treatment systems a very useful reference for both property owners and septic system designers.
  • Septic Tank/Soil-Absorption Systems: How to Operate & Maintain [ copy on file as /septic/Septic_Operation_USDA.pdf ] - , Equipment Tips, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 8271 1302, 7100 Engineering, 2300 Recreation, September 1982, web search 08/28/2010, original source: http://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfimage/82711302.pdf
  • Soil Percolation Tests soil perc testing guide and instructions
  • Percolation Testing Manual, CNMI Division of Environmental Quality, PO Box 501304, Saipan, MP 96950
  • Planting Over Septic System Component", Daniel Friedman (author/editor, InspectAPedia.com), The Innovator, Winter/Spring 2008, BCOSSA, British Columbia OnSite Sewage Association, 201-3542 Blansard St., Victoria BC V8X 1W3 Canada
  • Save the Septic System - Do Not Flush These Items Down the Toilet, Daniel Friedman, InspectAPedia.com - PDF document, printable
  • SEPTIC STANDARDS
  • SEPTIC MAGAZINES
  • Septic System Owner's Manual, Lloyd Kahn, Blair Allen, Julie Jones, Shelter Publications, 2000 $14.95 U.S. - easy to understand, well illustrated, one of the best practical references around on septic design basics including some advanced systems; a little short on safety and maintenance. Both new and used (low priced copies are available, and we think the authors are working on an updated edition--DF. Quoting from one of several Amazon reviews: The basics of septic systems, from underground systems and failures to what the owner can do to promote and maintain a healthy system, is revealed in an excellent guide essential for any who reside on a septic system. Rural residents receive a primer on not only the basics; but how to conduct period inspections and what to do when things go wrong. History also figures into the fine coverage.
  • Test Pit Preparation for Onsite Sewage Evaluations, State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Portland OR, 800 452-4011. PDF document. We recommend this excellent document that offers detail about soil perc tests, deep hole tests, safety, and septic design. Readers should also see Soil Percolation Tests and for testing an existing septic system, also see Dye Tests
  • Grass is Always Greener Over the Septic Tank, Bombeck, Erma: $ 5.99; FAWCETT; MM; This septic system classic whose title helps avoid intimidating readers new to septic systems, is available new or used at very low prices. It's more entertainment than a serious "how to" book on septic systems design, maintenance, or repair. Not recommended -- DF.
  • US EPA Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual Top Reference: US EPA's Design Manual for Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, 1980, available from the US EPA, the US GPO Superintendent of Documents (Pueblo CO), and from the National Small Flows Clearinghouse. Original source http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/Pubs/625R00008/625R00008.htm
  • Water Wells and Septic Systems Handbook, R. Dodge Woodson. This book is in the upper price range, but is worth the cost for serious septic installers and designers. Quoting Amazon: Each year, thousands upon thousands of Americans install water wells and septic systems on their properties. But with a maze of codes governing their use along with a host of design requirements that ensure their functionality where can someone turn for comprehensive, one-stop guidance? Enter the Water Wells and Septic Systems Handbook from McGraw-Hill.
    Written in language any property owner can understand yet detailed enough for professionals and technical students this easy-to-use volume delivers the latest techniques and code requirements for designing, building, rehabilitating, and maintaining private water wells and septic systems. Bolstered by a wealth of informative charts, tables, and illustrations, this book delivers:
    * Current construction, maintenance, and repair methods
    * New International Private Sewage Disposal Code
    * Up-to-date standards from the American Water Works Association
  • Wells and Septic Systems, Alth, Max and Charlet, Rev. by S. Blackwell Duncan, $ 18.95; Tab Books 1992. We have found this text very useful for conventional well and septic systems design and maintenance --DF. Quoting an Amazon description:Here's all the information you need to build a well or septic system yourself - and save a lot of time, money, and frustration. S. Blackwell Duncan has thoroughly revised and updated this second edition of Wells and Septic Systems to conform to current codes and requirements. He also has expanded this national bestseller to include new material on well and septic installation, water storage and distribution, water treatment, ecological considerations, and septic systems for problem building sites.
  • The NSFC Products List has an excellent list of design manuals/modules available from their website or by telephone 800-624-8301
  • ...
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