Guide to Different Types of Sump Pumps for Water Removal from Buildings
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• What is a sump pump? How do sump pumps remove building water or prevent water entry?
• What types of sump pump can I buy? Description of submersible sump pumps, pedestal sump pumps, battery backup sump pumps, & water powered sump pumps.
• Sump pump data specifications: water removal capacity data, battery backup sump pump pumping time or life, water consumption rate for water powered sump pumps
• Where to buy & how to install sump pumps
• How to inspect & maintain sump pumps to remove water from buildings or to prevent basement leakage or crawl space water entry
• Questions & answers about sump pumps used in building basements, crawl areas, other wet areas.

Submersible sump pumps, such as shown in the photo at left, use a motor housed in a water proof enclosure and a separate float that turns the pump on and off.

The sump pump float contains a position-activated switch and is connected to the submersible pump by a flexible wire. Some submersible sump pumps, such as the one shown here at left, use other types of float switches.

The submersible sump pump motor is capable of working when entirely under water.

A submersible sump pump uses a float switch intended to turn the pump on when ground water rises in the sump pit (or flows stupidly across your basement and into the pit) where it is discharged to a storm drain or the property surface.

Watch out for debris or wiring in the sump pit that block movement of the float switch - your sump may fail to turn on.

Pedestal sump pumps, such as shown in the photo at left, use a motor atop a pipe inside which the pump turns a shaft which operates the pump impeller. The pump impeller is located in a bottom pedestal which is under-water.

You'll notice that the electric motor that powers the pump impeller is mounted on top a tall shaft that extends well out of the water itself.The float that turns the pump on and off usually looks suspiciously a lot like a toilet tank float, connected to a vertical rod.

Pedestal sump pumps are an older non-submersible type of pump used for removing water from buildings.

As rising water in the sump pit lifts the float, the float lifts the rod and the rod includes an adjustable screw-clamp fitting which pushes on the electrical contact of a mechanical switch to turn the pump on. As the water level drops the float falls and another screw-clamp fitting above the switch turns the pump motor back off.

Battery-backup sump pumps, use a rechargeable battery which is normally connected to live electrical power in order to remain fully charged. Shown here is a Sears battery-backup sump pump system which includes an marine-type automotive battery, battery charger, water sensor, an alarm.

Battery Backup Sump pump Pumping rate

Sears says the pump can remove 10,520 gallons on one charge. Do the math. 10,520 gals / 14.5 hours = 721 gallons per hour. 721/60 = 12 gpm. Sears rates the pump at 18 gpm. As long as water is entering your building at or slower than this rate this pump would be adequate.

Battery-backup sump pump systems are made and sold by:

• Basement Watchdog battery backup sump pumps
• Base Products HydroPump battery backup sump pumps
• Gleason - Industrial Pro 1000 gph backup sump pump
• Hydropump DH 1800 Battery Backup Sump Pump - 1800 gph with 9 ft lift (shown in illustration at left)
• Little Giant Liberty 441 battery backup sump pump (similar to the Sears pump shown above)
• Sta-Rite Simer Flotec Omni A5000 emergency sump pump
• Wayne Security pump - 3300 gph battery backup sump pump and their 3540 gph pump have higher pumping capacity than some of the other models listed here
• Zoeller Zoeller-580-0005 Aquanot-I-Battery Backup Pump-- a pedestal sump pump design

Water powered sump pumps offer the advantage that the pump can operate when there is no electrical power.

Code legal? At least the older versions of these devices are illegal in many municipalities because their installation constitutes a cross-connection which can back-contaminate public water mains with unsanitary floodwaters. Before installing a water-powered sump pump check with your local building department to be sure it is permitted in your area. There may be newer versions that are code-approved: we invite more data and comment on this product. See CROSS CONNECTIONS, PLUMBING for details.

Pump capability: the pumping capability of water driven pumps depends on the input water supply pressure and flow, the piping diameters, and the height that the water has to be lifted. Look closely at the flow rates claimed for the water driven sump pump you're considering and be sure it matches the pressure and diameter of the water supply piping to which you intend to connect it.

Water Quantity Consumed by Water Powered Sump Pumps

Most of the water powered pumps we reviewed gave no data on the volume of water that would be consumed from the municipal input source during a pumping operation. When a water powered sump pump says it can remove 900 gph, that number describes only the net additional water picked up by the pump, not the total water used from the municipal supply. If you're concerned about water consumption or water cost this approach may be need careful investigation.

The quantity of water used by a water powered sump pump depends on the water pipe diameter and the municipal water pressure that is being supplied. Typical water usage rates range from 7 gpm to 15 gpm.

Some water powered sump pump manufacturers such as Basepump™ do provide full product specifications on water removal capability as well as water consumption rate. For example, a high-powered water powered sump pump installed in a home supplied by municipal water at 40 psi and using 3/4" to 1" diameter piping with a ten-foot lift height can remove 1500 gallons of water per hour from the building and will consume an additional 900 gallons of municipal water.

• Aquanot pedestal pump (sketch above) from PlumbingSupply.com & plumbingworld.com This pump is intended to be operated by connection to a garden hose for its input water.
• Basement Saver water powered sump pump provides models from 900 to 2000 gph requiring 45 to 90 psi and supporting a 10-foot lift.
• Base Products - Basepump, water powered backup sump pump - models RB750, HB1000, and CB1500 can remove between 750 gallons of sump water per hour up to 2000 gallons per hour, depending on the incoming water pressure that powers the pump (40 psi up to 100 psi), and the pipe diameter (1/2" to 1" in diameter). www.basepump.com/Basepump.htm
• Pump Biz water powered Water Commander or Pump Commander (shown at left) This water powered sump pump is designed to be connected to a 3/4" municipal water supply and is capable of removing up to 1,324 gph at 60 psi input pressure and a 10-foot lift.
• RadonSeal provides water powered sump pumps combined with a seal against radon gas leakage into a building at the sump pump pit.
• Wayne water powered sump pump Model EWP10 - Wayne is a large producer of many pump models
• Zoeller system-water powered pump Model 4065199 - Zoeller is a large producer of many pump models

• The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ^® author/editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.