Vinyl asbestos floor tile identification and handling to minimize asbestos fiber risks
Photographs of asbestos containing floor tiles, sheet flooring, linoleum, and resilient floor coverings
This article provides a guide to identifying asphalt-asbestos flooring (1917 - ca 1960) & vinyl asbestos floor tile (ca 1952 - 1986): identification photographs, a list of product names, styles, colors, and vinyl-asbestos floor patterns, and colors for asbestos-containing floor tile products made between about 1930 and 1986 - flooring materials that are reported to or have been confirmed to contain asbestos in asbestos fiber or asbestos powder-filler form.
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Asphalt asbestos and vinyl-asbestos floor tiles were produced in 9" x 9", 12" x 12", and even 18" x 18" as well as in decorative strips, and in thicknesses of 1/16", 3/32", and 1/8", also in 0.08 gauge.This photo guide to asphalt asbestos & vinyl asbestos floor tiles for each year shows at least one color photo of each floor tile style or pattern in an example color. A list below each group of photos includes the names of and links to additional photos for other colors of these styles.
Asbestos is safe and legal to remain in homes or public buildings as long as the asbestos
materials are in good condition and the asbestos can not be released into the air.
For a detailed photo guide to individual vinyl-asbestos floor tile patterns, sizes, and years of manufacture, see ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE PHOTO ID GUIDE.
Armstrong Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles Product History and Product Name List
Asphalt-based asbestos floor tiles and vinyl-asbestos floor tiles are identified and described here along with photographs of tile patterns and colors. These flooring products typically contain chrysotile asbestos, and possibly other asbestos forms.
Sorting out Flooring Names: Armstrong, Congoleum-Nairn, Linoleum, Lincrusta
This photograph of sheet flooring was identified by a reader in a 1964 home. She found remnants in the bottom of a kitchen cabinet on which was imprinted "Armstrong".
While the reader referred to this as "Armstrong Congoleum sheet flooring", Armstrong and Congoleum are separate individual companies.
This is identified as an Armstrong resilient flooring product.
Dont' mix up product names. Armstrong is a separate company from Congoleum-Nairn.
Linoleum is a term invented in 1860 by Frederick Walton to describe sheet flooring. Original linoleum products were made using linseed oil as an ingredient, often with a jute (burlap or fabric) backing. Descendents of Linoleum include Anaglypta and Lincrusta (many writers spell it "Linocrusta or linacrusta", an embossed patterned covering used on walls and ceilings. See linoleum details atLinoleum Sheet Flooring Age.
Below we provide an extensive photo-dictionary of resilient flooring, floor tiles, and sheet flooring, with focus on older floor coverings that are known to contain asbestos. Also see the following articles on types, ages, characteristics, ingredients, & inspection of different types of floor coverings:
FLOOR TILE HISTORY & INGREDIENTS - history, dates, and description of the production process and ingredients in asphalt floor tiles, asphalt-asbestos floor tiles, & vinyl-asbestos floor tiles 1900 to present.
FLOORING MATERIALS, Age, Types - Age of Building Flooring Materials - A Guide to Estimating Building Age, This article describes types and ingredients in flooring materials: Asphalt floor tile, Cork floor tile or planks, Laminate flooring (modern), Linoleum & older sheet flooring (painted canvas), Vinyl-asbestos floor tiles, Wood flooring.
We discuss the history and manufacture of asphalt-asbestos floor tiles in our Age of House articles at Flooring Materials. We discuss the inspection, diagnosis, and repair of various flooring products at FLOOR TYPES & DEFECTS.Also see Asbestos HVAC Ducts a field identification guide to
visual detection of asbestos in and on heating and cooling system ducts and flue vents. Also see Micro-Photographs of Dust from the World Trade Center collapse following the
9/11/01 attack. Links to U.S. government and other authoritative research and advice are included.
NOTE: Armstrong, although an enormous producer of flooring, was by no means the only manufacturer of floor covering products that contained asbestos as fibers or asbestos powder filler. Below we provide photographs and descriptions from a variety of flooring manufacturers, followed by a detailed list of floor tile product names we've been able to collect. You'll note that the Armstrong product list extends from 1954 to 1980. Other asbestos-containing flooring products from various manufacturers were produced between around 1920 to 1986.
Modern Armstrong 12"x12" x 1/16" (1.5mm) Self-Adhesive "Stick-on" Floor Tiles
This Armstrong flooring tile is 12" x 12" x 1/16" or 1.5mm thick.
Unlike the older vinyl-asbestos floor tiles whose photographs we provide below, this more recent flooring product is built from a thin vinyl layer containing the tile's design pattern and a fiber/paper backer (shown in our photo above) to which an adhesive was coated so that the tile could be installed without use of a mastic.
A typical pattern is the embossed design shown at left.
The floor tile thickness (about 1.5mm or 1/16") suggests that this product was produced after 1980 and probably does not contain asbestos.
Depending on the age of manufacture, some paper-backed flooring products used asbestos as a primary ingredient (see Asphalt & Vinyl Floor Tile History). Tests of our example floor sample (above) for asbestos confirmed that some early peel-and-stick floor tiles sold in the 1980's did contain asbestos.
Contemporary resilient flooring products do not contain asbestos however.
Shown at left: Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Floor tile, contemporary, popular, sold in 70 colors at retail outlets including Home Depot stores, this modern resilient floor tile does not contain asbestos. [Click any image to see an enlarged, detailed version].
Contact Us to send a photograph of your own floor tile pattern or for assistance in identification if you can't find your floor tile image, pattern, or design in this floor tile color and pattern library.
Armstrong Asphalt Floor Tiles - 1950's to 1980's Compared to Contemporary Vinyl Flooring Products
Armstrong produced asphalt-based floor tiles, possibly including asbestos in their formulation, before 1952 and in later years as we indicate with examples and photographs in the detailed photo guide that is found below.
For more information about these older flooring types, see Asphalt & Vinyl Floor Tile History - history, dates, and description of the production process and ingredients in asphalt floor tiles, asphalt-asbestos floor tiles, & vinyl-asbestos floor tiles 1900 to present. Kentile flooring produced through 1986 may contain asbestos.
Also don't assume that only "vinyl asbestos floor tiles" include asbestos. According to Rosato, asbestos filler (powder) and fibers were used in asphalt based products too. "The first publicized installation of asphalt tile was in the Western Union office in New York City (1920). By the end of 1930, 3 million square yards of tile was being produced annually.
Below in this document we provide detailed year-by-year photos of Armstrong asphalt or vinyl-asbestos flooring products from 1952 to 1982. Records show that many but not all flooring products produced during these years, including 9" floor tiles, 12" floor tiles, peel-and-stick floor tiles, and sheet flooring indeed contain asbestos.
Later Armstrong flooring products, for example Armstrong's Accoflex 2005 series semi-flexible vinyl tile sold (at least) in the U.K. were produced from " ground limestone bound with polymers, plasticizers, and stabilizers, and colored by pigments" not including asbestos.
At FLOOR, RESILIENT VINYL or CORK we discuss the choices, selection and installation details for contemporary vinyl and other resilient flooring products.
Details about Congoleum floor tiles and resilient sheet flooring and linoleum are found atCongoleum-Nairn Floor Tiles, Linoleum. Excerpts are below.
Congoleum Nairn, was established in 1886, and presently headquartered in Mercerville, NJ, U.S., produced resilient sheet flooring, vinyl asbestos floor tiles in patterns such as their Congoleum-Nair Romanaire pattern
Sequin Pattern for Congoleum resilient flooring is shown at left.
Congoleum Gold Seal Rugs along with Nairn Linoleum were marketed from the 1920's into the 1950's when Congoleum-Nairn was producing 12-foot wide sheet vinyl-based flooring.
Watch out: the backing on some of these vinyl flooring or linoleum products may also contain asbestos.
The Congoleum linoleum photograph (left) of Congoleum sheet flooring installed in a 1949 Tampa Florida home is provided courtesy of M.B. in Tampa, FL.
Additional photographs of Ever-Wear asbestos containing floor tiles are also described and photographs of these (and other brands of floor tiles and sheet flooring containing asbestos) are provided at ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE IDENTIFICATION
As we detail at Kentile Flooring History KenFlex floor tiles were produced by Kentile Floors, a Brooklyn NY company that filed bankruptcy in 1992. (founder Arthur Kennedy 1898) (at least) as 9" x 9" resilient flooring in a variety of patterns (left) and shades (below).
Kentile produced both Asphalt floor tiles using an asbestos filler (see our Rosato comment above), and Vinyl-Asbestos floor tiles. The dark floor tiles shown at left may have been asphalt-asbestos. If the floor tile is thicker than 1/16", particularly, 1/8" or more, we suspect you're looking at an asphalt based tile, rather than a later vinyl-asbestos floor tile.
Below our photographs show the embossed pattern on these Sears vinyl asbestos floor tiles. The tiles are solid through in color and material and are about 1/16" thick and 9" x 9" in size. Below right shows these Sears floor tiles installed.
(photos wanted for Sears Roebuck, Montgomery Ward and other asphalt & vinyl-asbestos floor tile producers or distributors - CONTACT US)
Our reproduction of vinyl-asbestos floor tile patterns and colors below selected representative images of each style or floor tile identification pattern in which tiles were produced. Within each pattern there were various colors available as well. By minimizing repetition of patterns and colors, across the set of years we show at least one example of nearly every pattern and color produced for these floor tiles.
Our photo (left) from Rosato, shows an Armstrong asphalt floor tile installation. More about the history of asbestos-containing flooring can be found in the asbestos flooring links above.
Also see ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE IDENTIFICATIONthat further assists building buyers, owners or inspectors who need to identify asbestos materials (or probable-asbestos) in buildings by simple
visual inspection. This website also provides photographs and descriptive text of asbestos insulation and other asbestos-containing products
to permit identification of definite, probable, or possible asbestos materials in buildings.
On occasion, the original flooring packaging or installation literature may be available for a given home: often an extra box of floor tiles was kept for future repairs. The vinyl-asbestos floor tile package label information, combined with a simple comparison of tiles in the package with tiles installed in the building may be sound confirmation of asbestos-containing materials. See Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tile Packaging. Historical information about the dates of flooring installation may also be sufficient to rule in or out the possibility that flooring in a building contains asbestos. See ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE PHOTO ID GUIDE.
Where the same floor style pattern was produced for multiple years, in subsequent years we show other colors in which the tile pattern was made. Just scroll through this vinyl asbestos floor tile photo guide to find the first occurrence of each floor tile style, pattern, name, dimensions, and colors. Or if you know the approximate year that your floor was installed you can scroll down to that very year in our photo library.
It is instructive to take a close look at our tile photos from 1973 and 1974. Some floor tile colors and patterns, especially among the "standard" tiles, include both asphalt-based tiles and vinyl-asbestos tiles that look quite alike. But the combination of color, pattern, and size can help distinguish among these.
For example, "Standard Pattern" floor tiles were produced in both vinyl-asbestos form and in an asphalt tile without asbestos in 1973. But asphalt-based tiles that did not contain asbestos were produced in 1973 only in 9"x9". So flooring made for that year and particular pattern, the tile size provides important information.
Watch out: Because flooring products may have been produced in years earlier than the year of installation, don't assume that a floor installed in a building built shortly after 1980 could not possibly contain vinyl-asbestos product.
As we warned just above, don't assume that only "vinyl asbestos floor tiles" include asbestos.
While we have not yet located photos of these earlier vinyl-asbestos floor tiles, the 1954 catalog refers to the existence of at least a 1952 version of this vinyl-asbestos resilient floor tile product:
"Federal Specfications - Interim Federal Specifications No. L T 751 (GSA-FSS) dated March 18, 1952, defines Armstrong's Excelon Tile and other similar plastic asbstos tiles as Type I Semi Flexible Vinyl Plastic Floor Tile. ...
... the thermoplastic binder of a viny plastic floor tile shall consist of only a limited group of certain specific types of polyvinyl chloride resins despite the fact that a wide range of vinyl resins could be used. ...
... note that while Excelon Tile does not the exact material composition of Interim Specifications No. L T 751, it does meet all the physical tests listed."
1956 - Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Plastic Asbestos 9 x 9 Floor Floor Tiles, Patterns & Color Guide
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Corkstyle Excelon vinyl asbestos flooring images from 1956 1956 Floor Tile Colors: (Light 798 - first year for this floor tile pattern. also sold as Medium 797 shown at above left, and Dark 799.) These colors remained unchanged into future product years. (See 1957, 1958)
Regular Excelon (sold only in 9" x 9", either service gauge (1/16") or 1/8" gauge), Colors: (New floor tile colors for 1965 are included here. For colors continued from 1955 see links at 1955 above. ) Seneca White 770, Mohawk Gray 771, Commanche black 772, Seminole Yellow 774, Aztec Gray 775, Cherokee White 776, Apache Red 777, Mohican Cedar 779, Osage Green 780, Navajao Gray 781, Sioux Pink 782, Iroquois Tan 783, Choctaw Green 784 (3rd from left above), Zuni Brown 785, Mojave Charcoal 786, Powhatan Turquoise 787, Light Woodtone 788, Dark Woodtone 789,
Excelon Feature Strips (above right) 1" wide x 24" long x 1/8" thick solid color vinyl asbestos flooring strips). See a better image of these solid color feature strips at 1957 below. Colors: Plain Red 792, Plain White 791, Plain Brown 795, Plain Yellow 793, Plain Black 790, Plain Green 794
Also see this installed solid floor tile and feature strip example from 1971.
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Excelon Corkstyle 9 x 9 x 1/16" only Colors:
(Medium Corkstyle 797, Light Corkstyle 798 shown above left, Dark Corkstyle 799) (see 1956, 1958)
Excelon Designers Series 9 x 9 x 1/16" & 1/8" Colors:
(Mint Green 760, Silver Gray 761, Sand Beige 762, Rose taupe 763 2nd from left, Mauve Taupe 764, Sienna Copper 765) (See color samples from 1956).
Excelon Straight-grained 9 x 9 x 1/16" & 1/8" Colors:
(Seneca white 770, Mohawk gray 771 3rd from left, Commanche Black 772, Seminole Yellow 774, Aztec Gray 775, Cherokee White 776, Apache red 777, Pawnee beige No. 778 4th from left, Mohican Cedar 779, Osage Green 780, Navajo Gray 781, Sioux Pink 782, Iroquois Tan 783, Choctaw green 784, Zuni Brown 785, Mojave Charcoal 786, Powhatan Turquoise 787 )
Excelon Spatter Colors: (Andover white No. 735 5th from left, Bedford Gray 736, Cape Cod Beige 737, Lexington Green 738, Providence Charcoal 739, Arlington Cedar 740, Exeter Red 741, Concord Yellow 742, Norwich Turquoise 743, Bangor Copper 744, Plymouth Pink 745, )
Excelon Woodtone 9 x 9 x 1/16" & 1/8" Floor Tiles Colors: (Light Woodtone 788 (See 1956), Dark woodtone No. 789, above right)
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Excelon Corkstyle 9 x 9 x 1/16" not recommended for heavy traffic areas Colors:
(Medium 797, Light 798, Dark 799 above at left) (Medium & Light example colors from 1956, 1957).
Excelon Designer series floor tiles Colors:
(Sand Beige 762, Maur tiles for 1958, (tile size not given, presumed 9 x 9) available in 1/16" & 1/8" (Mint Green 760, Silver Gray 761, ve Taupe 764, Rose Taupe 765, Sienna Copper 765, Ivory Tan 766 - new above 2nd from left, Ecru 767 - new 3rd from left) (See other color examples from 1957) Also see this Designer Series installed floor example.
Excelon Spatter 9 x 9 x 1/16" only, Colors:
(Andover White 735, Bedford Gray 736, Cape Cod Beige 737, Lexington Green 738, Providence Charcoal 739, Arlington Cedar 740, Exeter red 741, Concord Yellow 742, Norwich Turquoise 743, Bangor Copper 744, Plymouth Pink 745) (See other color examples from 1957).
Excelon Woodtone 9 x 9 x 1/16" or 1/8" Colors:
(Light Woodtone 788, Dark Woodtone 789, Redwoodtone 796 - new 4th from left) (See other color examples from 1957).
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Excelon Corkstyle Floor Tiles
vinyl asbestos flooring 9 x 9 x 1/16" light duty use Colors:
(See corkstyle vinyl-asbestos floor color images from 1956, 1957, 1958)
Designers Series Excelon Floor (see the 1957-58 examples)
Excelon Metallic Series Floor Tiles New in 1959-60, see the 1960 information below
Colors: (Photos needed - uncertain if this tile was produced in 1959)
Metallic Series Excelon 9x9x 1/16" or 3/32" thickness gauge floor tiles were sold in one pattern, four colors Colors:
(Taupe bronze 355, Black gold 351 shown above 3rd from left, Gray silvergold 354, and Redwood gold 353).
Excelon Spatter Floor Tiles Colors:
(Dorset Black 732 - new, Cornwall blue No. 733 4th from left above, Andover White 735, Bedford Gray 736, Cape Cod Beige 737, Rutland Beige 746, Worcester Gray 749 )
Excelon Straight Grained Floor Tiles (See tile pattern & color photos from prior years + the examples below) Colors:
(1959 Chippewa gray No. 703 5th from left above, 1960 Mohave charcoal No. 786)
1960 - Armstrong Excelon Floor Vinyl Plastic Asbestos Floor Tiles, 9" x 9" & beginning in 1960 available in 12" x 12" size.
Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Tiles were produced in both 9" x 9" and for order quantities over 9,000 sq.ft. also in 12" x 12" size. For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Excelon Corkstyle in Light, Medium, Dark shades
Colors:
(See color images from 1956, 1957, 1958)
Excelon Metallic Spatter pattern vinyl-asbestos floor tiles new in 1959-1960 9" x 9" x 1/16" vinyl asbestos flooring (only in 1/16" "service gauge" for this pattern). These floor tiles include metallic accents, metallic highlights in gold, silver or bronze dispersed through the pattern. Colors: Metallic spatter patterns: (shown above from left to right) Beige Gold 300, Mint gold 301, Slate Gold 302, Pink Gold 303
Excelon Metallic Straight grain floor tiles were new in 1959-1960 9" x 9" x 1/16" vinyl asbestos flooring (sold in both 1/16" service gauge and 3/32" gauge). These tiles also include metallic accents, metallic highlights in gold, silver or bronze dispersed through the pattern. Colors: Metallic straight grain patterns Black gold 351 above left, Redwood Gold 353, Gray Silvergold 354, Taupe Bronze 355 at above right
Excelon Spatter (distinct from the Metallic spatter pattern above) 9" x 9" x 1/16" service gauge (for light commercial and residential interiors only) Colors: produced in a wide variety of shades incuding Chelsea White 731 and Meridian Taupe 747. ((See same tile pattern & color photos from prior years.)
Excelon Straight-grain 9" x 9" x 1/16" & 1/8" gauge floor tiles, Colors:
Seneca White 770, Mohawk gray 771,Apache Red 777, Osage Green 780, Iroquois Tan 783, Mohave Charcoal 786 (See same tile pattern & color photos from prior years)
Excelon Styletone series vinyl-asbestos floortiles (similar to Cork patterns + monochromatic colors) Colors: Sandtone 830, Mintone 831, Rosetone 834, Cedartone 835 (See same tile pattern & color photos from 1959 for color photos)
Excelon Woodtone Colors:
Light Woodtone 788, Dark Woodtone 799 (See same tile pattern & color photos from 1958 for color photos)
1961 - Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles, 9" x 9", 12 x 12, Patterns & Color Guide
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year. Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Tiles were produced in 1961 in both 9" x 9" and for order quantities over 9,000 sq.ft. also in 12" x 12" size.
Corkstyle floor tiles fpr 1961 - as in prior and subsequent years Colors:
(see light Cork 840 from 1963, also see mediuim cork from 1965 and dark cork from 1962)
Feature Strips and Insets solid color vinyl-asbestos flooring were sold in 1" x 24" c 1/8" gauge; also "die cuts" 18" x 18" solid color tiles Colors: (Black 790, White 791, Red 792, Yellow 793,
Green 794, Brown 795)
(See the strip guide at 1956, also see this installed solid tile and feature strip floor example from 1971.)
1962 - Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles, 9" x 9", 12 x 12, Patterns & Color Guide
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year. For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year. Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Tiles were produced in 1962 in both 9" x 9" and for order quantities over 9,000 sq.ft. also in 12" x 12" size.
Nikita Kruschev banging his shoe on the table at the United Nations, shouting "We will bury you", the Cuban Missle crisis nor the Kennedy Assassination did not deter the production of the wide variety of vinyl-asbestos flooring products described below for 1962.
Woodtone vinyl asbestos floor tiles in 1962 sold 9" x 9" x 1/8" & 1/16" thicknesses Colors: Light Oak 850, Medium Oak 851, Dark Oak 852(see the 1961 photos)
Feature Strips solid color vinyl-asbestos flooring accent strips were sold in 1", 2", and 3" widths and 24" in length, in solid colors in vinyl-asbetstos flooring for 1962, in 1/16" and 1/8" gauge thicknesses.
Colors: (See the strip guide at 1956, also see this installed solid tile and feature strip floor example from 1971.)
1963 - Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles, 9" x 9", 12 x 12, Patterns & Color Guide
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year. For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year. Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Tiles were produced in 1963 in both 9" x 9" and for order quantities over 9,000 sq.ft. also in 12" x 12" size.
Centennial style
(Rhapsody green 815) (above left)
Feature Strips
(see 1956 examples of solid color feature strips)
1964 - Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles, 9" x 9", Patterns & Color Guide
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year. We have found records only of 9" x 9" vinyl asbestos floor tiles for 1964, in 1/16", 3/32" or 1/8" gauges.
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Standard 12" x 12"
Embossed (9 x 9 & 12" x 12")
(See 1965-1966 styles of embossed floor tiles)
Custom Shalestone (Bushkill white - left) 12" x 12" x 1/16" floor tile images from 1969
Imperial Modern (9 x 9 & 12" x 12") (see 1968)
Excelon Feature (9 x 9 & 12" x 12")
Travertex (9 x 9 & 12" x 12" )
Imperial (9 x 9 & 12" x 12")
This 12" x 12" vinyl asbestos floor tile found in a 1969 home. Testing for asbestos was completed on a fragment of this flooring material.
The asbestos test lab found 3% chrysotile asbestos in this floor tile sample. [Actually we suspect the total asbestos content of the floor may be much greater.
Thanks to reader R.M. for the photo and test information.
This flooring has not been identified for sure, but it resembles an Armstrong tile (See the Armstrong Craftlon Collection 12" x 12" Adelphi II Aalst 54431 (showing a second color, Aalst).
CONTACT us if you can identify with certainty this floor tile image and brand.
Some self-adhesive floor tiles made by Armstrong also contained asbestos. Armstrong introduced peel and stick tiles in late 1969. The company stopped manufacturing these tiles with asbestos in December of 1982. Not all adhesive floor tiles produced during this period contain asbestos. It is necessary to know the flooring product model number or collection name of a tile in question, or to submit a sample to an asbestos test laboratory to make a final determination. - information courtesy of Armstrong Corporation. If you can identify your floor tile collection name or model number, laboratory testing of the sample to screen for asbestos may be unnecessary. (See ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE PHOTO ID GUIDE)
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Imperial Modern 12" x 12" x 1/8" or 3/32" (Fleece white 51850 above left) See more colors at 1973.
Imperial Modern 12" x 12" x 1/8" or 3/32" (additional colors, 2nd from left)
Imperial Texture 12" x 12"
x 1/8" (see 1971/ 1973 photos)
Imperial 12" x 12"
x 1/8"
Excelon Embossed: Custom Bisque 12" x 12"
x 1/16" - New (notice the larger scale in this 1972 pattern than the similar but smaller-scale pattern produced in 1973 and later.)
Here is a reader-contributed photo of flooring resembling the Custom Bisque Beige 57092 vinyl asbestos flooring as installed in a Massachusetts home.
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Floor tiles shown above correspond left to right to the patterns named below where we also include links to additional colors for each style or pattern.
Floor tiles shown above correspond left to right to the patterns named below where we also include links to additional colors for each style or pattern.
Also see two embossed versions of the Travertine floor tile identification pattern
Travertine Embossed 12" x 12" x 1/16" or 3/32" thick floor tiles from 1973, similar to above but embossed, (Vetralla 54221 3/32" only, and Ponzano 54222 )
Feature solid color floor tiles & accent strips 12" x 12" x 1/8" solid color floor tiles and 1" x 24" solid color vinyl-asbestos flooring accent strips in the colors shown just below. These tiles were intended for accent spots, not for tiling an entire floor, because the solid color flooring would show scratches.
Craftlon Rancho Grande 12" x 12" x 3/32" vinyl asbestos floor tile images - 1973 (White 54490, Gold 54491, Green 54492, Terra Cotta 54493, & Beige 54494 above 2nd from left)
Embossed Craftlon Stonefield 12" x 12"
x 3/32" (Slate 54770, Olive 54771, White 54472 above 3rd from left, Red 54773) [Compare with Shattered Stone pattern below & with Metric Chip 1968]
Embossed Craftlon Bristol Slate 12" x 12"
x 3/32" (Gold 54560 above 4th from left, Terra Cotta 54561, Olive 54562, Slate 45463) embossed floor tile surface, no pattern but surface texture looks like slate.
Embossed Craftlon Devonport 12" x 12"
x 3/32" (Brown 534461, Gold 54462 5th from left above, White 54463, Red 54464)
Excelon Imperial floor tiles 12" x 12" x 1/8" in Terrace White 56880 (above right) were produced only in this shade in 1973.
Patterns below are shown, left to right, with links to additional colors for each style
Custom Bisque 12" x 12"
x 1/16" (White 57090 above 5th from left, Rust 57091, Beige 57092, Brown 57093, Bronze 57094, Olive 57095) Compare this new smaller scale pattern with the larger-scale version produced ony in 1972 (above).
Custom Burnham 12" x 12"
x 1/16" (Blue 57080 shown above right, Olive 57081, Gold 57082, Tan 57083 Brown 57084 - all of these color shades are quite similar)
Excelon Polished Marble, embossed 12" x 12" x 1/16" floor tiles same series above, but this tile pattern looks a bit different: 2nd from left, above, Meadow White 54193 at left, above.
Complete Photo Guide to Standard Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tile Patterns & Colors in 12x12" and 9x9" - Armstrong - example year: 1973
The Armstrong standard floor tiles shown in the two photographs above are the Armstrong Standard 9"x9" vinyl asbestos tile popular over many years with versions sold as early as 1955. Above left are Osage Green and Seneca White tiles. Below are color guides to all of the colors of these floor tiles that were produced in 1973. Many of these colors and some others were also produced before and after that year.
Standard 12x12 Asbestos Vinyl Floor Tiles - 1973 - al colors
These standard tile patterns were sold in 12" x 12" x 1/8" gauge - contrast them with the standard 9"
x9" Asphalt floor tiles shown in the next group.
Standard Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles
12" x 12" x 1/8" were produced in 7 colors:
Standard 9x9 Asphalt Tiles - not Vinyl Asbestos - from 1973 - all colors
Smooth Surface Standard asphalt floor tiles (not vinyl-asbestos) intended for areas of alkaline moisture (basement concrete slab floors),
9" x 9" x 1/8" gauge were produced in colors and patterns similar to the vinyl asbestos tiles shown just above but in fewer colors: (Foam Green 5C902 above left, Pecan Beige 5C913, Cedar 5C918, Palimino Beige 5C926, Corkstyle (New Light) above 2nd from right.
Embossed Parquet 9 x 9 x 3/32 (Autumn Gold) - Asphalt Tile, not vinyl asbestos but see our warnings at page top: some asphalt-based floor tiles that were not vinyl-asbestos also contained asbestos.
Our photo guide to vinyl asbestos floor tiles for 1974 shows one photo of each style or pattern; the list below includes the names of and links to additional photos for other colors of these styles.
If we do not include a photo of a particular floor tile style that's because it appeared unchanged from a prior year - just scroll up through this photo guide to find the first occurrence of each floor tile style, pattern, name, dimensions, and colors.
Our photo left is probably Glenmore Brick (1973 photo) 12" x 12" x 1/16" (White, 57131) found in a home in Poughkeepsie, NY.
In 1974 Armstrong Excelon asbestos vinyl floor tiles were produced in the styles shown in the photo guide just below. For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Imperial 12" x 12" x 1/8" vinyl asbestos floor tiles Terrace white #56880 (first photo at above, left).
Imperial Modern 12" x 12" x 3/32" (Fleece white 51850, Mellow sand 51851, Smoke beige 51852, Char brown 51854, Medium cork 51855, Bayberry white 51856, Olive 51857, Sandrift white 51858, Powder gray 51861) floor tile images from 1974
Standard 12" x 12" (Seneca white 56770, above left)
Feature tiles (Ten solid colors, 12" x 12" x 1/8" thick and in strips, 1" wide x 24" long) - produced beginning in 1956, above is a 1971 photo (unchanged)
Craftlon Collection 12" x 12" Adelphi II Gold 54434, or Aalst (next photo), or Baal 54433
Craftlon Collection 12" x 12" Adelphi II Aalst 54431 (showing a second color, Aalst)
Craftlon Collection 12" x 12" Devonshire inset (Gold, 54452, Brown 54451, White 54453, or Red 54454)
Embossed Chandelle 12" x 12" x 1/16" (Olive 54521 - darker than the 1973 version - see the 1973 color series above;, also see this Chandelle Multi-White for 1974)
Custom Bisque 12" x 12" x 1/16" (White 57090, Rust, Beige 57092, Brown, Bronze, Olive) vinyl asbestos floor tiles
Custom Burnham 12" x 12" x 1/16" (Tan) (also see 1972)
Custom Old Forge12" x 12" x 1/16" (White, 57081) Don't confuse this with Custom Glenmore Brick 12" x 12"
x 1/16" or Romford Brick floor tiles from 1973. Also see our photos from 1978 where we show a continuous sheet resilient flooring product that also used the Romford Brick floor pattern.
Embossed Woodstock 12" x 12" x 1/16" (Dark Cherry 54251 5th from left above, only in this shade)
Smooth Surface Tidestone 12" x 12"x 1/16" (Green, above left)
Smooth Surface Driftstone 12" x 12"x 1/16" (Aztec white)
1975-1976, no data;
1977 - Armstrong Solarian Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles, 12" x 12", Patterns & Color Guide
Armstrong Excelon Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tiles (as above), for colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Solarian vinyl asbestos floor tiles, and the following:
Imperial Texture 12" x 12" (see photos above)
Imperial Modern 12" x 12"
Classic Travertine Embossed 12" x 12"
Travertex 12" x 12"
Straight Grain 12" x 12"
Feature 12" x 12" solid color tiles and solid color strips 1" x 24" all 1/8" gauge
Craftlon Collection 12" x 12" x 0.80 gauge asbestos vinyl flooring Devonport pattern/style
(Brown 54461, above left , also sold in Gold, White at left, and Red).
Country brick 12" x 12" regular brick pattern vinyl asbestos floor tiles Colors:
(Terra Cotta 57400, White 57401, Burnt toast, 57402, above 4th from left especially recommended for kitchens, Almond 57403)
CraftlonRomford Brick (9" x 9" 0.80" gauge) pattern vinyl asbestos floor tiles Colors:
(White 57020, and Red 57021, also see 1977)
For colors for which a link is not provided below, see the earlier occurrence of that tile color in a previous year.
Our photo (below-left) shows a late 1970's vintage Craftlon Romford Brick 9"x9" 0.80 gauge white vinyl asbestos floor, photos provided courtesy of reader Matt Abel, Design Services Department, Strongwood Log Home Company.
Our second flooring picture (below-right), provided courtesy of reader Diana Elliott, illustrates that resilient sheet flooring was produced in a pattern similar to Romford Brick floor tiles from 1973 and 1974, and closely resembling two other 12" x 12" tile patterns from the same era: Custom Glenmore Brick 12" x 12" and Custom Old Forge 12" x 12"
x 1/16" thick floor tiles, but in our photograph (below right) the flooring is reported to be in continuous sheet form.
Not shown above: Feature Floor Tiles, 12" x 12" solid colors Colors:
(Solid colors Black 56790, White 56791, Chocolate 56797, Red 56806, Neutral 56807, Celerty 56808, and more solid colors Yellow 56809, Gold 56810, Orange 56811, and Blue 56812)
Los Alamos 12" x 12" Custom vinyl asbestos floor tiles (Green 57281)
Imperial series 12" x 12" x 1/8" or 3/32" gauge vinyl asbestos flooring
Colors:
Imperial Texture 12" x 12" - this "tweedy" design was
Colors:
sold in 17 colors, shown Cottage Tan 51830 (above left)
Imperial Modern 12" x 12"
Colors:
including Bayberry White 51866, 2nd from left, old in Fleece white, Mellow sand, Char brown (almost black), medium Cork, Bayberry white. also sold in
Watch out: even if your flooring was installed some time after 1980, it is possible that an installer used 1980 or prior flooring materials that contained asbestos. Handle flooring demolition or grinding, sanding, polishing appropriately.
Some, but apparently not all self-adhesive floor tiles made by Armstrong during the period 1969 - 1982 contained asbestos. The company stopped manufacturing these tiles with asbestos in December of 1982.
Not all adhesive floor tiles produced during this period contain asbestos. It is necessary to know the flooring product model number or collection name of a tile in question, or to submit a sample to an asbestos test laboratory to make a final determination. The peel-and-stick Armstrong floor tile shown in our photograph (above left) was from Armstrong's Vernay series, introduced in 1980 and discontinued in 1982. This product never contained asbestos.
- information courtesy of Armstrong Corporation.
If you can identify your floor tile collection name or model number, laboratory testing of the sample to screen for asbestos may be unnecessary. (See ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE PHOTO ID GUIDE or send us a photograph of the flooring that you are trying to identify. Use the email address found at CONTACT.
At left is an excerpt from a 1950's era Armstrong Accoflex "easy-lay" floor tiles advertising poster. These tiles may contain asbestos. [Research in process].
1989 & Later Armstrong Accoflex Series Flooring Tiles
Later Armstrong flooring products, for example Armstrong's Accoflex 2005 series semi-flexible vinyl tile [technical data sheet] sold by Wonder Flooring (at least) in the U.K. were produced from " ground limestone bound with polymers, plasticisers, and stabilizers, and colored by pigments" not including asbestos.
Modern Accoflex flooring prodeuced and sold by Armstrong is a semi-flexible vinyl floor tile "manufactured from natural limestone and bound with resillient polymers.
Accoflex meets performance and a colour co-ordinated interior needs." A color chart of contemporary Armstrong Accoflex floor tiles is shown at left. Original source: http://www.wonderflooring.com/
Key to Thicknesses or Gauges of Vinyl-Asbestos Floor Tiles & Floor Tile Application or Usage by Thickness
Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tile Thickness & Usage Guide
Shown at left is a vinyl-asbestos floor specification summary and usage guide from 1959 - Armstrong.
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Armstrong ® Residential Flooring - Website 05/15/2010 http://www.armstrong.com/ lists current flooring products provided by the Armstrong Corporation, including Armstrong's current vinyl floor tile products at http://www.armstrong.com/flooring/products/vinyl-floors
Armstrong Corporation, Corporate History - http://www.armstrong.com/corporate/corporate-history.html - Web Search 05/19/2010
Armstrong vinyl asbestos floor tiles: photos of asbesos-vinyl floor tiles as catalog pages (PDF form) are at www.asbestosresource.com/asbestos/tile.html
Accoflex 2005 series semi-flexible vinyl tile Wonder flooring product description; Armstrong's Accoflex is a vinyl composition floor tile. WonderFlooring, Private Bag X02, Fordsburg 2033, Telephone: 011 298 8100, Fax: 011 836 4450, National Call Centere: 0860-29-80-80, Email: info@wonderflooring.com & marketing@wonfloor.com/ [2nd is a defective email address]
Web search 01/29/2011, original source: http://www.wonderflooring.com/accoflex/accoflextech2.pdf
Reference: Armstrong Flooring: Accotile, Accoflex & Coke Tile. Publication 333, Armstrong Flooring.
Note on use of the "Accoflex" name:
In addition to Accoflex flooring produced by Armstrong, Accoflex® is also a U.S. registered trademark used for Insulation Jackets For Industrial Pipes, Tanks and Conduits Including Flexible and Rigid Insulation In the Form of Foamed Synthetic Material Sheeting, owned by Armacell Enterprise Gmbh, Armstrong World Industries, Inc, also distributed in the U.K., Australia, & New Zealand, also in Indonesia. Armacell Australia Pty Ltd, a producer of engineered foams, (http://www.armacell.com/) was founded officially in August 2000 when the then Armstrong Insulation Products (Australia) became a separate legal entity from Armstrong World Industries group.
"Asbestos in your home or at work," Forsyth County Environmental Affairs Department, Winston-Salem NC
12/08
"Asbestos Floor Tile Removal", the University of Minnesota's advice on removing VAT (vinyl asbestos or asphalt asbestos floor tile) can be read in detail at www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/asbestos/floortile/index.html
Copy on file as - /hazmat/Asbestos_in_Your_Home_US_EPA.pdf - Asbestos in Your Home - U.S. EPA, Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,D.C. 20460
Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 1030 15th St. NW, suite 350, Washington D.C.
Book Recommendations for Asphalt & Vinyl-Asbestos Floor Tile Identification:
Asbestos products and their history and use in various building materials such as asphalt and vinyl flooring includes discussion which draws on Asbestos, Its Industrial Applications, D.V. Rosato, engineering consultant, Newton, MA, Reinhold Publishing, 1959 Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 59-12535 (out of print).
Congoleum Corporation, "Company History", Congoleum Corporation, Department C, P.O. Box 3127, Mercerville, NJ 08619-0127 1-609-584-3601, web-search 03/14/2011, original source: http://www.congoleum.com/history.html
David Grudzinski,
Advantage Home Inspections,
is a professional home inspector in Cranston, RI. 02910. He can be reached at 401-935-6547,
fax- 401-490-0607 or by email to contact/us@advantagehomeinspections.us 04/26/2009
EPA Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in buildings, NIAST, National Institute on Abatement Sciences & Technology, [republishing EPA public documents] 1985 ed., Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,D.C. 20460
EVER WEAR TILE CO is currently (2009) in the Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work industry in Fallon, NV. 775) 423-6221. [We do not know the company history nor whether there is an association with EverWear vinyl asbestos floor tiles discussed in this article.]
Kentile KenFlex flooring photographs: Flickr web search 5/15/2010 - see original material and other asbestos product photos
"Plastic Flooring Spreads Through the House", Jackson Hand, Guide to Home-Improvement Materials, Popular Science, April 1969, p. 154-158
Thomas Hauswirth, Managing Member of Beacon Fine Home Inspections, LLC and (in 2007) Vice President, Connecticut Association of Home Inspectors
Ph. 860-526-3355 Fax 860-526-2942 beaconinspections@sbcglobal.net 06/07: thanks for photographs of transite asbestos heating ducts
Thanks to reader Matt Abel, Design Services Department, Strongwood Log Home Company,
711 Shadow Road, Waupaca WI 54981, Office (715) 258-4818, Toll Free (866) 258-4818, www.gostrongwood.com
"Begin your journey home.." for vinyl asbestos floor photos, October 2010.
Thanks to reader Meryl Silvers for hexagonal floor tile photos showing a possilbe Kentile product that contained asbestos. October 2010.
Thanks to reader N.H. for providing a photo of 1970's era vinyl asbestos floor tile that we identify as most likely Armstrong Solarian Devonport white.
M.B. provided photographs of Congoleum linoleum flooring from a 1960's Tampa Florida home.
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
ASBESTOS IDENTIFICATION IN buildings How to find and recognize asbestos in buildings - visual inspection methods, list of common asbestos-containing materials
Asbestos Identification and Testing References
Asbestos Identification, Walter C.McCrone, McCrone Research Institute, Chicago, IL.1987 ISBN 0-904962-11-3. Dr. McCrone literally "wrote the book" on asbestos identification procedures which formed
the basis for current work by asbestos identification laboratories.
Stanton, .F., et al., National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 506: 143-151
Pott, F., Staub-Reinhalf Luft 38, 486-490 (1978) cited by McCrone
Asbestos in Your Home U.S. EPA, Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,D.C. 20460
Asbestos NESHAP Adequately Wet Guidance, EPA340/1-90-019, December 1990, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Stationary Source Compliance Division, Washington, DC 20460,original web source: http://www.epa.gov/region04/air/asbestos/awet.htm
Asbestos products and their history and use in various building materials such as asphalt and vinyl flooring includes discussion which draws on Asbestos, Its Industrial Applications, D.V. Rosato, engineering consultant, Newton, MA, Reinhold Publishing, 1959 Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 59-12535 (out of print, text and images available at InspectAPedia.com).
Fiberglass: Indoor Air Quality Investigations: Health Concerns About Airborne Fiberglass: Fiberglass in Indoor Air from HVAC ducts, and Building Insulation
Enviro-Scare: Electric Power Lines, Electromagnetic Fields, Cancer Risk, & "Enviro-Scare" - The Normal Curve Cycle of Public Fear of Environmental Issues
Dust from the World Trade Center collapse following the 9/11/01 attack: the lower floors of this building contained spray-on fire-proofing asbestos materials.
Asbestos Information Links: Asbestos Detection, Testing, Recognition, Hazards, Field Photos, and Information Sources, including
health-related links such as legal services and information about mesothelioma and other cancers.
"Handling Asbestos-Containing roofing material - an update", Carl Good, NRCA Associate Executive Director, Professional Roofing, February 1992, p. 38-43
EPA Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in buildings, NIAST, National Institute on Abatement Sciences & Technology, [republishing EPA public documents] 1985 ed., Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,D.C. 20460