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What causes mold contamination or growth in attics and cathedral ceilings? Here we explain the causes of moldy attics or roof mold in buildings, and we discuss the relationship between other building moisture sources (such as a wet basement) and attic and roof mold contamination.

This document gives advice on how to find and deal with mold in building attics and roof cavities; We discuss when and how to clean up attic mold - how to get rid of attic or roof mold.

This article is part of our series: FIND MOLD in buildings, HOW TO which describes how to find mold and test for mold in buildings, including how and where to collect mold samples using adhesive tape - an easy, inexpensive, low-tech but very effective mold testing method. The page top photograph of dark mold found on the attic-side of plywood roof decking was contributed by David Grudzinski, a Cranston RI professional home inspector and member of ASHI and NACHI.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

ATTIC MOLD CAUSES

What causes mold growth in attics? Understanding why we get mold contamination in roof spaces helps define the steps necessary to prevent attic mold, cathedral ceiling mold and similar problems.

As this moldy attic photo (courtesy of David Grudzinski) also shows, mold on roof decking or roof framing may be quite extensive. If you look closely at the buckling plywood in the upper right of this photograph, you may notice some cracking that might indicate that the plywood roof decking is actually delaminating and badly damaged. If that proves to be the case, this mold cleanup job will be simplified, but more costly as roof decking may need to be removed and replaced. When we see an attic with extensive visible mold on wood surfaces, we also suspect that the fiberglass insulation may also be mold contaminated, or may become so during any mold cleanup job in the area. See INSULATION MOLD for details.

What Causes Attic Mold?

Cleaning up moldy wood surfaces, removing moldy attic insulation, will be a costly but wasted step if we don't understand and correct what caused these conditions in the first place. Below we describe the combination of two critical factors that make for a wet, moldy attic: inadequate roof ventilation and an indoor source of un-wanted or excessive building moisture. A third source, roof leaks, is more obvious and should also be considered in any building inspection for leaks, moisture, or mold.

Inadequate Roof Ventilation

David pointed out in his emailed comments that the attic of this home was not adequately vented. We don't see good, continuous intake ventilation at the house eaves or soffits (the lower roof edges.) We also did not see good roof exit venting along the ridge of the building.

Our example photos (below) show characteristic rust stains around roofing nails in a poorly-vented attic (below left), and the absence of those stains around roofing nails in a well-ventilated attic (below right). Even our poorly-vented attic (below left) was not as severely wet and moldy as the attic in Grudzinski's photos (above).

Indoor Moisture Sources Causing Attic Mold

Poor insulation & bathroom, dryer, or kitchen fans not vented outside: Mr. Grudzinski also observed that the moldy attic in this home was fed moisture from a combination of poor insulation, and two bath fans that were venting directly into the attic rather than being directed outside. "Poor insulation" means increased heat flow into the attic in cold weather.

Our photo (left, from a different home) shows a rats nest of bath vent fan ducts that the building owner emptied into a building attic. These vents should have been conducted to outside the building.

"Heat flow" into a cold attic means warm moisture-laden air flow from the occupied spaces in the home below is moving into the chilly or cold attic space. This airflow not only increases the cost of heating the home, but it brings up moisture from below into the attic area where water condenses out of the warm air onto cold attic surfaces.

Wet basements or crawl spaces mean wet moldy attics: At BASEMENT MOLD WATER IMPACT another series of photographs by Mr. Grudzinski demonstrates how a wet (rotting, moldy) sub-basement served as a moisture source that was almost certainly a major contributor to if not the main cause of the moldy attic shown in our page top photographs here.

At ATTIC CONDENSATION CAUSE & CURE and at ICE DAM PREVENTION we describe problems caused by inadequate roof ventilation that include not just attic moisture and mold, but ice damming and even leaks into building ceilings and walls. Also see our photo guide to finding attic moisture and mold at How to Inspect Attics for Condensation & Moisture - to Detect & Correct Attic Condensation, Frost, Ice Dam Leaks & Attic Mold

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & Answers about the underlying causes of mold in building attics .

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• Additional technical contributors & reference sources for this article are listed below.

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

ATTIC MOLD
  ATTIC MOLD CAUSES
  ATTIC MOLD IS A PROBLEM ?
  ATTIC MOLD - IS IT TOXIC?
  ATTIC MOLD, WHERE TO LOOK
  ATTIC MOLD, WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE
  ATTIC MOLD, HARMLESS COSMETIC?
  ATTIC MOLD ROOF TEAROFF
  ATTIC MOLD ENCAPSULANTS

• David Grudzinski, Advantage Home Inspections, ASHI cert # 249089, HUD cert# H-145, is a professional home inspector who contributes on various topics including structural matters. Mr. Grudzinski, Cranston RI serving both Rhode Island and Eastern Connecticut can be reached at 401-935-6547 fax- 401-490-0607 or by email to Davidgrudzinski@aol.com. Mr. Grudzinski is a regular contributor to InspectAPedia.com - see DECK FLASHING LEAKS, ROT Case Study, and BASEMENT WATER MOLD IMPACT and VERMICULITE INSULATION for examples.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

• Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
• Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
• Adkins and Adkins Dictionary of Roman Religion discusses Robigus, the Roman god of crop protection and the legendary progenitor of wheat rust fungus.
• Kansas State University, department of plant pathology, extension plant pathology web page on wheat rust fungus: see http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheat%20Leaf%20Rust.asp
• "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
• US EPA - Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building US EPA
• US EPA - Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo - en Espanol

Mold Contamination Testing, Cleanup, Prevention: references & products

• The Mold Information Center: What to Do About Mold in buildings, When and How to Inspect for Mold, Clean Up Mold, or Avoid Mold Problems
• Aerobiology, Building Science, Microscopy, & Laboratory References, an extensive technical bibliography
• Allergens: what they look like in buildings
• Associations: Sick House, Sick Building, SBS - Air Quality, Government, Private Associations and Information Resources
• Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd Ed., GS deHoog, J Guarro, J Gene, & MJ Figueras, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 2000, ISBN 90-70351-43-9 (you can buy this book at Amazon)
• Atlas of Mold Related Illness: Index of Symptoms and health, physical, neurological, psychological, and other complaint which people suspect may be mold or building-related.
• Atlas of Indoor Mold, Online Clinical Mold Atlas, Toxins, Pathogens, Allergens and Other Indoor Particles - Medical Health Effects of Mold (separate online document)
• Black Mold that is Harmless Photos of recognizable, usually harmless black mold on wood, bluestain, ceratocystis, ophistoma
• Building Floods: quick steps after a building flood or plumbing leak can prevent costly mold contamination
• Classes of Mold: what types of cosmetic, allergenic, or toxic mold are a problem? Can mold be cleaned-up successfully?
• Clinical Mold References - Detailed bibliography of mold reference texts
• "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
• "Disease Prevention Program for Certain Vegetable Crops," David B. Langston, Jr., Extension Plant Pathologist - Vegetables, University of Georgia (PDF document) original source: www.reeis.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/209797.html
• "Disease Prevention in Home Vegetable Gardens," Patricia Donald, Department of Plant Microbiology and Pathology, Lewis Jett
  Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri Extension - extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G6202
• "Management of Powdery Mildew, Leveillula taurica, in Greenhouse Peppers," Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, British Columbia - Original source: www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/peppermildew.htm
• Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our own technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
• Fiberglass: Mold in Fiberglass Insulation© 2005 comments about a field study in process, & more about health hazards from fiberglass insulation - DJF
• Fifth Kingdom, Bryce Kendrick, ISBN13: 9781585100224, is available from the InspectAPedia online bookstore - we recommend the CD-ROM version of this book. This 3rd/edition is a compact but comprehensive encyclopedia of all things mycological. Every aspect of the fungi, from aflatoxin to zppspores, with an accessible blend of verve and wit. The 24 chapters are filled with up-to-date information of classification, yeast, lichens, spore dispersal, allergies, ecology, genetics, plant pathology, predatory fungi, biological control, mutualistic symbioses with animals and plants, fungi as food, food spoilage and mycotoxins.
• Fungi, Identifying Filamentous, A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, Guy St-Germain, Richard Summerbell, Star Publishing, 1996, ISBN 0-89863-177-7 (English) (buy at Amazon)
• Looking for Mold Procedure: what mold is often found where in buildings - simple technical presentation
• Meruliporia: the house eating fungus or "poria"
• Mold Action Guide: Step-by-Step Instructions, What to do about mold, mildew, and other indoor allergens
• MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE Photos of what mold looks like in buildings
• MOLD APPEARANCE - STUFF THAT IS NOT MOLD Photos of NOT-mold material that is sometimes mistaken for mold
• MOLD ATLAS & PARTICLES INDEX, Pathogens, Allergens and Other Indoor Particles - Medical Health Effects of Mold (separate online document)
• MOLD BY MICROSCOPE Mold under the microscope - photo identification of the most common indoor molds found in buildings
• Mold FAQs Answers to Most Questions about Indoor Mold, Mold Related Illness, Mold Cleanup, Mold Prevention
• US EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building US EPA
• Mold spores in the Home - a Photo ID Library for detection and identification of mold allergens
• Mold Test Kits - How to Collect and Send Your Own Mold Sample to our mold testing lab or to any mold lab you wish
• Most Common Indoor Molds Found in buildings, A Table of
• Mycology, Fundamentals of Diagnostic, Fran Fisher, Norma B. Cook, W.B. Saunders Co. 1998, ISBN 0-7216-5006-6 (buy this book at Amazon)
• Ozone Warnings - Use of Ozone as a "mold" remedy is ineffective and may be dangerous.
• Rot concerns in buildings-some building mold such as Meruliporia incrassata "Poria" risks serious rot and hidden structural damage
• US EPA: Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo - en Espanol

OTHER IAQ ISSUES: How To Find and Address Other Indoor Air or Indoor Environment Contaminants Besides Mold

Mold or allergens may not be the only or even the main indoor environmental contaminant. Don't let media attention to mold cause so much enviro-scare fear that other, possibly more urgent hazards go un-addressed.

• Fiberglass building insulation and HVAC duct work insulation hazards
• Sewage and Septic backup contamination in buildings: inspection, testing, remediation, & references to expert sources
• Other environmental risks: Asbestos, carbon monoxide, electromagnetic fields, environmental illness, fiberglass, MCS - multiple chemical sensitivity, toxic gases, etc
• Indoor Gas Sampling Plan for Residential buildings lists a number of toxic indoor gases which we test for, depending on the building complaint and building conditions
• Ozone Warnings - Use of Ozone as a "mold" remedy is ineffective and may be dangerous.
• Pet control - if you can't say goodbye to your bird, cat, dog, guinea pig, hamster, tropical fish, then limit the areas they occupy and limit the airflow from that area to sleeping or other areas of the building, use allergenic bedding, eliminate wall-to-wall carpeting, improve housecleaning including use of a HEPA-rated vacuum cleaner. For more details see our article Dog, Cat, and Other Animal Dander - Information for Asthmatics and Indoor Air Quality
• Rodents, Mice, Squirrel Control - I find high levels of mouse and rodent dander, fecal dust, and urine-contaminated dust in some buildings, and high levels of these materials in building insulation in those locations. If you have a mouse problem, particularly if mice and their waste (fecals or urine) are contaminating the building HVAC or building insulation, may need both steps to clean up or remove infected materials and steps to stop an ongoing rodent problem. If squirrels are a problem, the cleanup needs to include closing off entry openings into the building. Get some help from a licensed pest control expert.
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