Cat Allergies: How to Remove or Prevent Cat Dander / Allergens in buildings
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How to clean up cat dander in buildings
How to remove or prevent cat dander & cat allergens from or in buildings
Why is cat dander allergenic? Feline D-1 or Fel-D1, a glycoprotein in buildings
Hypo-allergenic - non-allergenic cat breeds
Cat Dander: how to inspect and test a building for past or current presence of cats, cat hair, cat dander, and cat allergens
Questions & answers about cat allergies, cat dander, cat urine, odors, and related building indoor air quality and health issues

This article discusses methods to remove or clean up cat dander and allergens in a building, how to prevent cat dander from spreading between building areas, hypo-allergenic or non-allergenic cat breeds, and other measures to lower the level of airborne cat allergens and other airborne particles indoors. Cat Dander: how to remove and stop the spread of allergic cat dander from current or previous presence of cats, cat hair, cat dander, and cat allergens indoors.

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What breeds of cat are least allergic? Why is cat dander so allergenic?

Also see REDUCING PET ALLERGENS, and see CAT DANDER in buildings.

This website provides information and procedures for finding, testing, cleaning and preventing indoor mold, toxic black mold, green mold, testing building indoor air quality, and other sick house / sick building investigations. Here are research articles, inspection and testing procedures, and contact information for expert services.

At ALLERGENS in buildings, RECOGNIZING we discuss and provide photos of common indoor allergenic particles found in homes and in the work place. At ALLERGEN TESTS for buildings we discuss testing buildings for the presence of animal allergens or other allergens such as insect fragments or fecals. Also see ANIMAL ODORS IN buildings for suggestions about removal of pet odors.

We give in-depth information about indoor air quality problems: causes of respiratory illness, asthma, or other symptoms such as neurological or psychological problems, air quality investigation methods, and remediation procedures such as mold cleanup, handling toxic mold contamination, and building or mechanical system repairs.

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What to Do About High Levels of Cat Dander, Cat Hair, Cat Allergens in a Building

If we find that there is evidence of a high level of cat dander or other problem allergens in the building dust, we could design a cleaning regimen that can substantially reduce those levels, ranging from discard of materials to HEPA vacuuming to washing certain surfaces. As this can get costly I wouldn't do so unless needed.

We might also suggest some special measures for more ordinary house cleaning such as buying a HEPA-rated house vacuum cleaner, reduction or elimination of wall to wall carpeting, and a regular cleaning schedule.

If there appear to be building related health or allergy complaints after cleaning we can suggest additional measures to reduce the allergen level indoors, and perhaps, (let's hope it's not needed) recommend a more thorough building investigation for other problem sources.

Q&A on Cat Dander Cleanup in buildings

Question: Is it Possible to Clean & Isolate Cat Dander in buildings Enough to Avoid Cat Allergy Trouble?

I have a quick question I would really appreciate your opinion/best guess. I have a home that I created a basement apartment in a home with gas forced air heating. A potential tenant has 2 cats. My daughter who visits for as much as a week every couple months is allergic to cats she has lived in her in-laws home with cats for long weekends. The result being a stuffy/plugged up nose. In your opinion, with

a central vacuum system (exhausts to the outside),
with a powered good electrostatic air cleaner (I created an excellent seal between the filter and the ductwork at the furnace),
very good seal and good filter changing technique, and
the cats always contained to the downstairs area.

Do you feel this is enough isolation to prevent significant problems for my daughter?

Thanks so much for your help. - B.A.

Reply: You can Reduce but Not Eliminate Cat Dander Allergy Problems in a Home Where Cats are Present

By email, with no specific building inspection nor test data, and not being an allergist, one cannot reliably assure that your cat-allergic daughter won't have complaints when in this home. The sensitivity of individuals and of course their exposure to allergens just varies too widely. But it is possible to give reasonable general advice about lowering or minimizing the exposure to cat allergens in a building.

Presuming that by "downstairs" area you refer to a basement apartment that is isolated from the rest of the home, all of the steps you suggested [above] are in our OPINION, all good ones, but in our experience it is just about impossible to eliminate cat dander from non-cat areas of a building.

Cat Dander (and animal dander in general) is Widespread

What do you "get" if you vacuum a cat? Most cats will not volunteer to be vacuumed, though we've met a few who didn't mind. What you get, according to our field and lab tests, if you vacuum a (willing) cat includes: cat hair, cat dander, and typically some pollen, a few dust mite fecals, and common house dust particles.

We have found by field and lab testing that cat dander is present (albeit at low levels) even in buildings where no cats live. The allergenic component of cat dander is Feline D-1 or Fel-D1, a glycoprotein that combines with cat dander (cat skin flakes). When a cat grooms her/himself and when cat saliva (from grooming, and which contains Fel-D1) combines with additional Fel-D1 produced by cats' sebaceous glands. Fel-D1 is also written Fel d-1 and Fel D 1).

But put more simply, a glycoprotein found on cat skin flakes or cat dander, is a bothersome allergen to some people.

These cat dander particles, which is basically cat skin flakes, are often "hooked" or sharply irregular in shape, helping these particles to travel from building to building on people and their possessions, from cat-areas to non-cat areas.

While reducing the level of cat dander in the space to be occupied by the cat-allergic person (your daughter) will be helpful, it's tough to predict how she'll react in the home.

We have encountered individuals who were sensitive to very low levels of specific particles in buildings, including animal dander as well as mold and other allergens.

Steps to Reduce the Level of Cat Dander Indoors

So unless no one (humans too, not just cats) will ever pass from the basement apartment into the upstairs of the building, it is likely that at least some cat dander will enter the home by that route. Here are some suggestions that should help reduce the allergenicity of your home if cats are living in the basement:

Venting the central vac to outdoors is a good idea not only because it vents cat dander and other particles outside, but because during housecleaning you are avoiding stirring up indoor dust from the vacuum exhaust. Is your central vac a HEPA-rated unit?
Your electrostatic air cleaner will reduce the particle level in conditioned air in the building. You might improve indoor air quality by other improved filtration steps. You can be sure that with a single common HVAC system heating (and perhaps air conditioning) the home using conditioned air, particles (including cat dander) from a basement apartment will certainly be continuously entering the air handler and ductwork.

The most effective method of reducing the level of indoor airborne particles we have found involved use of cascaded air filters (How to Cascade Air Filters) and operation of the blower fan or air handler continuously so that air is continuously being filtered by the central air system. See INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE and in particular AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS and AIR FILTERS, OPTIMUM INDOOR.
Fresh air or balanced ventilation could improve the indoor air quality in the building still further (than the cascaded and improved air filtration) and might be worth considering - see VENTILATION, BALANCED
Clean the building non-cat areas: if you have not already done so, you should clean thoroughly by HEPA vacuuming and wiping the entire upstairs area after the cat-isolation methods have been taken.
Clean the HVAC system? if you have never done so, it's probably worth having the existing duct system and air handler professionally cleaned - provided that your duct work is metal and can be cleaned.
Get rid of carpeting?: in our OPINION, it is just about impossible to prevent high levels of indoor dust particles, including allergens, if your home contains wall-to-wall carpeting. Vacuuming carpets makes the level of airborne particles worse if the vacuum itself is leaky or not HEPA rated.
Create a "clean zone" where your daughter will spend the most time - typically her bedroom. Remove carpeting, use blinds rather than curtains, keep the door shut, and clean this room with care.
Some cats produce considerably less allergens in their saliva and sebaceous glands than others, including (we have read), Abyssinian cats and better still, Siberian cats. You might ask what breed of cats will be living in the apartment below.

Watch out: it may be a mistake to focus attention only on cat dander if a building occupant suffers from allergies. Check with your daughter's allergist or pulmonologist to discuss what other allergens, particles or chemicals, should be avoided. Otherwise you may address the cat dander question and find that your daughter still suffers in the home - but for other reasons.

More information: see BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS.

[Disclosure: I (DF) like cats and have often been owned-by or lived in homes where cats were present, even though I suffered terribly from cat allergies as a child. This advice comes from both a cat fancier and a cat-allergic person.]

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & answers about cat allergies, cat dander, cat urine, odors, and related building indoor air quality and health issues.

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ALLERGEN TESTS for buildings
ALLERGENS in BUILDINGS, RECOGNIZING
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ALLERGY TESTS for PEOPLE
ALLERGY TEST ACCURACY
ANIMAL ALLERGENS / PET DANDER
ANIMAL ENTRY POINTS in buildings

ALLERGEN DANDER STUDY
PETS AS FAMILY MEMBERS
REDUCING PET ALLERGENS
CAT DANDER
PET ALLERGEN REMEDIES
POLLEN Photographs

BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS

Pet Allergens, Asthma, and IAQ: Dog Dander, Cat Dander, and Other Animal Dander - Information for Asthmatics and Indoor Air Quality, provides details about reducing the level of indoor animal allergens.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
Adkins and Adkins Dictionary of Roman Religion discusses Robigus, the Roman god of crop protection and the legendary progenitor of wheat rust fungus.
Kansas State University, department of plant pathology, extension plant pathology web page on wheat rust fungus: see http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheat%20Leaf%20Rust.asp
"A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
US EPA - Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building [Copy on file at /sickhouse/EPA_Mold_Remediation_in_Schools.pdf ] - US EPA
US EPA - Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo [Copy on file as /sickhouse/EPA_Moho_Guia_sp.pdf - en Espanol

Allergies, Allergens, Allergy Testing in buildings - References & Products

Air Conditioning System Blower Fans & Filters Cascading for Optimum Indoor Air Quality
Allergen Tests in buildings advice about how to test, what to look for, in evaluating the level of dog, cat, or other animal allergens in a building
"IgG Food Allergy Testing by ELISA/EIA, What do they really tell us?" Sheryl B. Miller, MT (ASCP), PhD, Clinical Laboratory Director, Bastyr University Natural Health Clinic - ELISA testing accuracy: Here is an example of Miller's critique of ELISA http://www.betterhealthusa.com/public/282.cfm - Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients
The critique included in that article raises compelling questions about IgG testing assays, which prompts our interest in actually screening for the presence of high levels of particles that could carry allergens - dog dander or cat dander in the case at hand.
http://www.tldp.com/issue/174/IgG%20Food%20Allergy.html contains similar criticism in another venue but interestingly by the same author, Sheryl Miller. Sheryl Miller, MT (ASCP), PhD, is an Immunologist and Associate Professor of Basic and Medical Sciences at Bastyr University in Bothell, Washington. She is also the Laboratory Director of the Bastyr Natural Health Clinic Laboratory.
Allergens: Testing for the level of exposure to animal allergens is discussed at http://www.animalhealthchannel.com/animalallergy/diagnosis.shtml (lab animal exposure study is interesting because it involves a higher exposure level in some cases
Allergens: WebMD discusses allergy tests for humans at webmd.com/allergies/allergy-tests
Animal Allergens: Dog, Cat, and Other Animal Dander - Cleanup & Prevention Information for Asthmatics and regarding Indoor Air Quality.
Atlas of Mold Related Illness Symptoms & Complaints - long list of both documented, studied mold related illness, and complaints ascribed to mold contamination or allergens in buildings
Cat Dander: how to inspect and test a building for past or current presence of cats, cat hair, cat dander, and cat allergens
Clinical Atlas of Mold Toxicity - An Online Description of Toxic, Pathogenic, Allergenic Fungi, Fungal Diseases
Fiberglass Insulation Contains Mold© 2005 comments about a field study in process, & more about health hazards from fiberglass insulation
Humidity: What indoor humidity should we maintain in order to avoid a mold problem?
Mold Action Guide detailed guide on finding, removing, and preventing indoor mold contamination
Odors, Odor Detection, Smells, & Gases how to find and identify sources of noxious or toxic odors and gases
Other environmental risks, Our much longer list: Asbestos, carbon monoxide, electromagnetic fields, etc.
Ozone: The Use of Ozone Indoors for Control of Odors and Mold Removal in buildings: A Summary of Hazards and False Claims.
Pollen Allergens: identification, plant pollen and indoor air quality
Products to Reduce Mold & Allergy Problems to reduce indoor mold or allergen levels: air cleaners, air purifiers, dust mite covers, vacuum cleaners, crawl space vents
Recognizing Allergens: What various indoor allergens look like - identification photos to help identify pollen, dust mites, animal dander, toxic or allergenic mold - Common Mold and other Allergens, Irritants, Remedies & Advice
Rodent control issues, including dander, fecal, and urine contamination of buildings and Building insulation are discussed at our
Sewage and Septic backup contamination in buildings: inspection, testing, remediation, & references to expert sources
Action Guide: What to do about mold, mildew, and other indoor allergens
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What to Do About High Levels of Cat Dander, Cat Hair, Cat Allergens in a Building

Q&A on Cat Dander Cleanup in buildings

Question: Is it Possible to Clean & Isolate Cat Dander in buildings Enough to Avoid Cat Allergy Trouble?

Reply: You can Reduce but Not Eliminate Cat Dander Allergy Problems in a Home Where Cats are Present

Cat Dander (and animal dander in general) is Widespread

Steps to Reduce the Level of Cat Dander Indoors

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Ask a Question or Search InspectAPedia

Technical Reviewers & References

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

Allergies, Allergens, Allergy Testing in buildings - References & Products