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ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS - INSPECT, TEST, REMEDY

MOLD: A COMPLETE GUIDE to TEST CLEAN PREVENT

ACCEPTABLE MOLD LEVEL
ACCURACY OF VARIOUS MOLD TEST METHODS
ACCURACY vs PRECISION of MEASUREMENTS
ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT INDOOR MOLD
ACTIVITY of MOLD in BUILDINGS
AGE of MOLD - Old is the Mold?
AIR CLEANER PURIFIER TYPES
AIR FILTERS for HVAC SYSTEMS
AIR POLLUTANTS, COMMON INDOOR
AIR TEST FOR MOLD: ACCURACY
AIR TEST SAMPLING CASSETTE STUDY
AIRBORNE MOLD COUNT NUMBER GUIDE
AIRBORNE PARTICLE ANALYSIS METHODS
ALLERGEN TESTS for BUILDINGS
ALLERGENS in BUILDINGS, RECOGNIZING
ALLERGY & MOLD IAQ PRODUCTS
ALLERGY TESTS for PEOPLE
ALLERGY TEST ACCURACY
ATTORNEYS and EXPERT WITNESSES
ATTIC MOLD

BASEMENT MOLD
BASEMENT MOLD WATER IMPACT
BATHROOM MOLD
BROWN HAIRY BATHROOM MOLD
BIBLIOGAPHY for ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, MOLD, IAQ
BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS
BOD WASTEWATER TEST
BLACK MOLD, HARMLESS COSMETIC
BLACK MOLD, TOXIC & ALLERGENIC
BLEACHING MOLD, Advice about
BLUE vs YELLOW COMBUSTION FLAMES
BOOK MOLD, Moldy Book Cleaning
BOOKSTORE - ENVIRONMENTAL

CACTUS FUNGI / MOLD
CAR MOLD CONTAMINATION
CARPENTER ANTS
CARPENTER BEES
CARPET DUST IDENTIFICATION
CARPET MOLD CONTAMINATION
CARPET PADDING ASBESTOS, MOLD, ODORS
CARPET FUNGICIDAL SPRAY
CARPET STAIN DIAGNOSIS
CARPET & other STAIN TESTS
CARPET TEST PROCEDURE
CARPETING & INDOOR AIR QUALITY
CAT DANDER
CHAIN OF CUSTODY - TEST SAMPLE
CLEARANCE INSPECTIONS - MOLD CLEANUP
CRAWLSPACE MOLD

DIRECTORY of MOLD / ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS
DIRT FLOOR MOLD CONTAMINATION
Disinfectants
Disinfecting Buildings with Bleach
DO-IT-YOURSELF MOLD CLEANUP WARNINGS
DRYWALL MOLD
DUCT SYSTEM & DUCT DEFECTS
DUST ANALYSIS for FIBERGLASS
DUST, HVAC CONTAMINATION STUDY
DUST SAMPLING PROCEDURE

EFFLORESCENCE, Salts & White / Brown Deposits
EMERGENCY RESPONSE, IAQ, GAS, MOLD

FEAR of MOLD - MYCOPHOBIA
Fiberboard Insulation Sheathing Mold
FIBERGLASS INSULATION MOLD
FIBERGLASS PARTICLE CONTAMINATION TEST
FIELD INVESTIGATION SERVICE
FIND MOLD, ESSENTIAL STEPS
FIND MOLD in BUILDINGS, HOW TO
FIRE DAMAGE vs MOLD DAMAGE
FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP
FLOODS IN BUILDINGS-mold
FLOORING MATERIALS, Age, Types
FOXING STAINS on books & papers
FUNGICIDAL SPRAY & SEALANT USE GUIDE

GAS DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
GAS EXPOSURE EFFECTS, TOXIC
GAS EXPOSURE LIMITS & STANDARDS
GAS TEST PROCEDURES

HOUSE DUST ANALYSIS
HOUSEWRAP AIR & VAPOR BARRIERS
HIDDEN MOLD, HOW TO FIND
HUMIDITY CONTROL & TARGETS INDOORS

INDOOR AIR HAZARDS TABLE
INDOOR AIR QUALITY & HOUSE TIGHTNESS
INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE
INSULATION MOLD
ITCHY FABRICS

LABORATORY SERVICES
LAB PROCEDURES MICROSCOPE TECHNIQUES
LEAD POISONING HAZARDS GUIDE
Legionella Legionnaires' Disease
Legionella BACTERIA & HVAC Equipment
LIGHT, GUIDE to FORENSIC USE
LP & Natural Gas Safety Hazards

MEDIA BLASTING for MOLD REMOVAL
METHANE GAS SOURCES
MICROSCOPE DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
MEDIA BLASTING for MOLD REMOVAL
METHANE GAS SOURCES
MICROSCOPE DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
MILDEW in BUILDINGS ?
MILDEW ERRORS - MOLD PHOTOS
MILDEW REMOVAL & PREVENTION
MOISTURE CONTROL in BUILDINGS
MOLD: A COMPLETE GUIDE TO MOLD
MOLD ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT MOLD
MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE
MOLD CLEANERS - WHAT TO USE
MOLD CLEANUP GUIDE- HOW TO GET RID OF MOLD
MOLD CLEARANCE INSPECTIONS
MOLD COUNT NUMBER GUIDE
MOLD CONSULTANTS / INSPECTORS
MOLD CULTURE TEST KIT VALIDITY
MOLD DETECTION & INSPECTION GUIDE
MOLD or INDOOR AIR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE
MOLD FAQ's
MOLD LEVEL IN AIR, VALIDITY
MOLD ODORS, MUSTY SMELLS
MOLD PREVENTION GUIDE
MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE
MOLD SAFETY WARNINGS
MOLD SPRAYS, SEALANTS, PAINTS
MOLD STANDARDS
MOLD TEST KITS
MOLD TESTING METHOD VALIDITY
MORGELLONS SYNDROME
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets
MVOCs & MOLDY MUSTY ODORS
MYCOPHOBIA, STAINS MISTAKEN for MOLD
MYCOTOXIN EFFECTS of MOLD EXPOSURE

Nanomaterials Hazards
NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE

ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE
OZONE for MOLD OR ODORS

PAINTS & COATINGS ODORS IN BUILDINGS
PARTICLE SIZES & IAQ
Particulates & Allergens Indoors
Pesticide Exposure Hazards
PET ALLERGEN REMEDIES
PLASTIC CONTAINERS, TANKS, TYPES
PLASTIC HEATER VENT
PLASTIC ODORS-SCREENS, SIDING
PLUMBING SYSTEM ODORS
POLLEN Photographs
RENTERS GUIDE TO MOLD & IAQ
ROBIGUS & Wheat Rust Fungus
ROT RESISTANT LUMBER
ROT, TIMBER FRAME
ROT, TIMBER ASSESSMENT

SLIDE PREPARATION, MICROSCOPE
SMELL PATCH TEST to Track Down Odors
SOUND CONTROL in BUILDINGS
STAIN & BIODETERIORATION AGENT CATALOG
STAINS on & in BUILDINGS, CAUSES & CURES
STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING EXTERIORS
STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING INTERIORS
STAINS on INDOOR SURFACES: PHOTO GUIDE
STAINS & Thermal Tracking

TECHNICAL & LAB PROCEDURES
TERMITES
TEST KITS for DUST, MOLD, PARTICLE TESTS
Thermal Expansion Cracking of Brick
THERMAL EXPANSION of HOT WATER
THERMAL EXPANSION of MATERIALS
THERMAL IMAGING, THERMOGRAPHY
THERMAL IMAGING MOLD SCANS
THERMAL MASS in BUILDINGS
THERMAL TRACKING & THERMAL BRIDGING
TRAPPED MOLD BETWEEN WOOD SURFACES
TRIM, INTERIOR INSTALLATION
TRAPPED MOLD BETWEEN WOOD SURFACES
TRUSS UPLIFT, ROOF
TRUSSES, Floor & Roof

Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation UFFI
URETHANE FOAM Deterioration, Outgassing
UV LIGHT BLACK LIGHT USES

VAPOR BARRIERS & CONDENSATION in BUILDINGS
VENTILATION in BUILDINGS
VINYL CHLORIDE HEALTH INFO
VINYL SIDING
VINYL Siding or PLASTIC Window ODORS
Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs

WALL SIDING TRIM & FINISHES
WALL FINISHES INTERIOR
WALL CONSTRUCTION BARRIER vs CAVITY
WATER BARRIERS, EXTERIOR BUILDING
WATER ENTRY in buildings
WATER ODORS, CAUSE CURE

More Information

Photograph of mold on drywall where a bath vanity has been removedMold Doctors Guide
Do You Need to See an Expert in Environmental Medicine - a Mold Doctor? Find a physician with expertise in environmental medicine
     

  • Is mold making someone sick?
    • Do you need to hire a professional to find, test, or remove mold?
    • Acceptable or unacceptable mold levels
    • How to prevent mold in buildings
    • Directory of physicians specializing in environmental medicine & mold related illness - free online listing for mold doctors
  • World Health Organization WHO bulletin: Human diseases Caused by Mold - separate article
  • Questions & answers about hiring a physician to test for or treat for mold related illness
  • References

Click to Show or Hide Related Topics

  • MOLD: A COMPLETE GUIDE - home
  • ACCEPTABLE MOLD LEVEL
  • ACCURACY OF VARIOUS MOLD TEST METHODS
  • ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT INDOOR MOLD
  • AIR POLLUTANTS, COMMON INDOOR
  • AIR TEST FOR MOLD: ACCURACY
  • ALLERGY TESTS for PEOPLE
  • BLACK MOLD, HARMLESS
  • BLEACHING MOLD, Advice
  • CARPET MOLD CONTAMINATION
  • CRAWLSPACE MOLD ADVICE
  • DISASTERS: BUILDING INSPECTION & REPAIR - home
  • DRYWALL MOLD
  • DUST SAMPLING PROCEDURE
  • EMERGENCY RESPONSE, IAQ, GAS, MOLD
  • FORENSIC & IAQ FIELD IAQ EQUIPMENT SOP - home
  • HIDDEN MOLD, HOW TO FIND
  • INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT GUIDE
  • INSULATION MOLD
  • MILDEW in BUILDINGS ?
  • MOLD ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT MOLD
  • MOLD AGE - Old is the Mold?
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE
  • MOLD APPEARANCE on VARIOUS SURFACES
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - STUFF THAT IS NOT MOLD
  • MOLD CLEANERS - WHAT TO USE
  • MOLD CLEANUP, DO IT YOURSELF
  • MOLD CLEANUP GUIDE to GET RID OF MOLD
  • MOLD CLEARANCE INSPECTIONS
  • MOLD DOCTORS - ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
  • MOLD EMERGENCY RESPONSE
  • MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE
  • MOLD EXPOSURE RISK LEVELS
  • MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS
  • MOLD PRODUCTS, INEFFECTIVE
  • MOLD RELATED ILLNESS SYMPTOMS
  • MOLD SPRAYS, SEALANTS, PAINTS
  • MOLD TEST vs. PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS
  • MOLD TEST KITS
  • MOLD TEST METHOD ACCURACY
  • MOLD TEST REASONS
  • MOLD TESTING METHOD VALIDITY
  • MOLD TESTING SERVICES
  • MVOCs & MOLDY MUSTY ODORS
  • MYCOTOXIN EFFECTS of MOLD EXPOSURE
  • OZONE for MOLD OR ODORS
InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

This document discusses the decision to consult a physician who has expertise in mold and mold related illness. We suggest a few questions to ask your doctor about the possibility of building-related illness, we include a list of physicians with expertise in mold and environmental medicine, and we provide a article series that can help you assess the risk of mold related illness in a building. Professional remediation was not needed for the mold cleanup of the area shown at the top of this page, and the mold-related-illness risk to building occupants from this mold contamination was insignificant. Physicians who are expert in environmental medicine can be listed here at no fee - just CONTACT us.

Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.

Do I Need to see a Mold Doctor? Where can I find a physician who has expertise in mold-related illnesses?

Stachybotrys spores (left) and structure (right)Mold "mildew," moisture, in your house or office, building-related illness, involves your physician, medical treatment, sick building investigators, possibly professional cleaning companies, steps to reduce the future creation of mold or other indoor irritants, and possibly the special products to help clean buildings and air.

Quoting from the Center for Environmental Medicine (Portland OR) - The decision you and your doctor make about your treatment will grow out of the careful assessment of your particular needs, adequate laboratory testing, frank discussions, and your expectations. You will need to consider your responsibilities and commitment as well as the benefits you will achieve. The content found on this site is for informational purposes only. It is not medical advice and is not intended to diagnose, treat or cure. It does not provide or constitute professional advice or consultation.

When should you consult with physicians and knowledgeable indoor environment experts? If you suspect that your building is making you sick, particularly if you are someone at extra risk, such as asthmatic, allergic to mold, undergoing cancer treatment, immuno-suppressed, immunocompromised, immune impaired, elderly, or infant, it is certainly smart to consult with a physician who is experienced in mold related illness or an expert in environmental medicine.

We have encountered clients living in very moldy, high-risk environments who suffer respiratory or other illnesses, and who, on consult with their physician, were given palliative care but for whom the question of an environmental contributor to their complaint was never raised. Remember to ask your doctor, allergist, pulmonologist, or G.P. if s/he thinks that your living or work environment could be a cause or contributor to your complaints.

A simple clue that suggests that one may be suffering from building related illness is the abatement of symptoms when the person with the complaint spends time out of the building. However the converse - when symptoms do not abate - does not rule out a building as a contributor to the complaints.

Some mold-related illness symptoms are slow to diminish, and more than one building can contribute to complaints. Proving with scientific accuracy that a substance in a building has actually caused or aggravated a specific illness is a difficult and costly procedure.

A common approach taken by building diagnosticians who are considering whether or not mold in a building is (or could be) making someone sick is simply to look for substances which are believed likely to cause or aggravate illnesses and complaints. If such materials are present at significant levels they should be removed.

Extensive, technically detailed in-depth articles are also organized at our Mold Information Center. Readers should see MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE, and MOLD RELATED ILLNESS SYMPTOMS and MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS and also see MOLD EXPOSURE, FOOD HAZARDS, and ACCEPTABLE MOLD LEVEL. For background on how and why molds can be toxic, see this World Health Organization Mold Bulletin.

Some People Should Stay Away From Even Small Mold Cleanup Operations

Moldy ceiling (C) Daniel FriedmanIf you are sick, asthmatic, immune-impaired, suffer from COPD or other respiratory illness, before attempting any mold cleanup yourself you should see your family doctor, allergist, pulmonologist, medical toxicologist, or other appropriate specialist to discuss the chances that the environment might cause or contribute to or aggravate your illness. If you suspect that your illness is caused by or aggravated by conditions in your building you should discuss that with your physician.

Our field investigation photo (left) shows multiple genera/species of more than "cosmetic" mold that was found throughout a large basement ceiling. Unlike the mold case depicted in our page top photo, this area and possibly this entire home are likely to be a health hazard to almost anyone.

And if you are yourself or if people with these characteristics are present: elderly, immune impaired, infant, asthmatic, suffer from COPD or other respiratory or immune disorders or any illness that could be aggravated by exposure to respiratory irritants, VOC's, allergens, mycotoxins, etc., you should be wary of allowing any handling moldy or dusty materials without first checking with your doctor. Medical relocation of certain high-risk building occupants may be needed before moldy materials are disturbed.

MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE contains more discussion of evaluating mold risk in buildings for sensitive individuals or people at extra risk of mold related illness.

WHERE CAN I FIND A MOLD DOCTOR? - Directory of Physicians with Expertise in Environmental Medicine & Mold Related Illness

Physicians who are expert in environmental medicine can be listed here at no fee - just Contact Us or use the simple information form found at InspectAPedia's LINK EXCHANGE INSTRUCTIONS.

  • American Academy of Environmental Medicine, 6505 E. Central Ave., #296, Wichita KS 67206 316-684-5500 - http://www.aaemonline.org/
  • American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ACOEM, 25 Northwest Point Blvd., Suite 700, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007-1030 Telephone: 847/818-1800, Fax: 847/818-9266 - http://www.acoem.org/
    ACOEM provides a "doctor finder" service via their website.
  • Australian College of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, ACNEM, 10/23-25 Melrose Street, Sandringham, Victoria 3191, Australia. - ACNEM, lists ACNEM-trained physicians; +61 03 9597 0363, mail@acnem.org - www.acnem.org - provides training in environmental and nutritional medicine.
  • Center for Environmental Medicine (Portland OR), 10748 NE Halsey Street Portland, OR 97220-3961 USA, Tel.: (503) 261-0966 Fax: (503 252-2691 Tel.: (360) 690-0017 E-mail: info@cemmed.com - Dr. Chris Hatlestad,MD, ABFM

InspectAPedia.com is an independent publisher of building, environmental, and forensic inspection, diagnosis, and repair information for the public - we have no business nor financial connection with any manufacturer or service provider discussed at our website.

We are dedicated to making our information as accurate, complete, useful, and unbiased as possible. We very much welcome critique, questions, or content suggestions for our web articles. Contributors, even if it's just a small correction, are cited, quoted, and linked-to from the appropriate additional web pages and articles. Working together and exchanging information makes us better informed than any individual can be working alone.

  • Physicians who are expert in environmental medicine can be listed here at no fee - just Contact Us or use the simple information form found at InspectAPedia's LINK EXCHANGE INSTRUCTIONS.

Can You Refer me to a Specific Mold Doctor or Specialist

Question:

I am emailing you to ask for a referral to a mold doctor. I live in an apartment infested with black mold. I have allergies, and suppressed immune system and as I have health insurance I cannot afford the co-pay to go see a doctor or be able to pay for the balance that my insurance does not meet. Can you refer me to a doctor in my area that can assist me. I believe with all of my symptoms I have extensive exposure to black mold to a high level. I have researched the symptoms and realize I have mild skin breakouts in this past two weeks and respiratory problems that are indicative of black mold toxins. Please refer and advise if possible. I can travel to Portland if necessary. Can you also refer me to an agency that can help relocate me from this apartment? S.S.

Reply

You can find a physician specializing in environmental medicine and mold related illness by taking the following steps:

  • Contact the organizations listed just above at WHERE CAN I FIND A MOLD DOCTOR?
  • Ask your own personal physician or general practitioner for a referral to a doctor specializing in environmental medicine or mold related illness
  • Do the same search on the web using zip codes near your home

Watch out: If you already know that your home has large areas of toxic or allergenic mold (more than 30 sq.ft.) then you should probably be taking steps asap to remove yourself from that environment asap - if you move, and if your home is proven to be badly mold contaminated, your possessions including soft goods, clothing, curtains, etc. will probably need to be cleaned. Do not let an amateur try performing a "mold cleanup job" in a very moldy home: the risk is that they make the problem worse by spreading moldy dust all over everything, making the workers or building occupants sick in the process.

Watch out: in the above message the writer refers to "black mold" - but not all black mold is harmful, and there are a great many molds of other colors that are at least as harmful or more harmful. Don't guess at the level of severity of a mold contamination by the color of the mold. See MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE and also Recognize Harmless Black Mold.

More Questions About Mold Causes and Finding a "Mold Doctor"

Why do I Have Mold and Mildew in My Closets and Bathrooms - due to my Air Conditioner? I Need a Mold Doctor

I have had a problem for almost 4 years in trying to get the installers of my new air conditioning unit to find out why I have mold and mildew in my closets and bathroom--never had any problems before installing the new unit. It was installed in April--mold was covering the metal vents in August after a hot summer--followed by their excuses as to why this would happen--then in November I started felling dizzy--having muscle aches and pains--went to the doctor and spent the next year and a half getting a diagnosis.

I was then diagnosed with fibromyalgia--I did not put the two together for awhile. I have contacted an attorney and have had the vent filters checked at a lab-tested positive for Aspergillus--Cladosporium--Hyphae--Penicillium/Aspergillus. The attorney says that I will need a Doctor that will be able to connect the symptoms to the diagnosis. I live 2 hours from Atlanta GA--Knoxville TN--Birmingham Al. Any information will be helpful. L.G., GA TN

Reply

A competent onsite inspection by an expert usually finds additional clues that help accurately diagnose a problem. That said, here are some things to consider:

  • An air conditioning system that is not properly sized (for example one that is too big) may cool a building without dehumidifying it, leading to increased indoor moisture and potentially contributing to a mold problem. We explain this problem in detail at A/C Not Dehumidifying.
  • There could be other building sources of leaks or high moisture that contribute to or actually cause an indoor mold problem.
  • In looking for a "mold doctor" start by asking your own, or in this case your mom's own primary care physician for advice and a referral. But because the doctor knows the patient but not the patient's home environment, you might want to ask for an onsite visual inspection and case history-review performed by an experienced building diagnostician or even an experienced home inspector. Those experts (EXPERT DIRECTORY) should be good at finding likely sources of leaks or moisture - gating factors in indoor mold problems, and they also can keep an eye open for other hazards that you haven't noticed.
  • Proving that an illness is caused by a specific mold exposure is very difficult because of variations in individual health history and because most people are exposed to a wide variety of environments during their daily life. As a (retired) onsite investigator and forensic lab operator often asked to study these concerns, my approach (DF) has been to avoid making claims of "proof" of mold related illness causation, and to focus on detecting whether or not there is an indoor mold problem present. If there is a large reservoir of problematic indoor mold it needs to be removed and its cause corrected.
  • It is also interesting to note that while there are more than a million mold species, the US FDA has approved just a few mold genera/species, less than ten, that may be used to prepare serums or chemicals used in testing for mold allergies. Now it's surely true that there are going to be some chemical similarities between the "approved for testing" fungal species and others that may be in your environment, so the actual functional breadth of "mold exposure or mold allergy" testing may be more broad than you'd think. But surely there are other mold species found in our environment. So our OPINION is that while a positive reaction to a mold allergy or mold exposure test may be indicative, a negative reaction probably should not be taken as an assurance that there is no mold exposure.

My mom has been living in a house with toxic black mold ...

My mom has been living in a house with toxic black mold in it for about 4 or 5 months. I want to get her seen by a doctor because she has seemed to be getting very sick. Are there any good doctors that specialize in mold that you can recommend for me? - A.R.

Reply

  • Because it can be difficult to find a physician who has the special expertise you are looking for, our first advice is always to start by asking your own, or in this case your mom's own primary care physician for advice and a referral. The primary care physician who knows your mom's health and health history can help be sure that you are pursuing the right avenue of medical investigation and care.
  • At WHERE CAN I FIND A MOLD DOCTOR? we list associations you can contact for expert referrals.

If you are unable to pay for medical assistance

  • Tell your doctor your financial position and ask what assistance they can offer
  • Contact your local city, town, county, or state or provincial relief agencies to ask for medical assistance

Mold Sickness References - mold related illness articles you'll want to review

  • ACCEPTABLE MOLD LEVEL - given that a target of "zero mold indoors" is nonsensical, just how much indoor mold should we accept?
  • ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT INDOOR MOLD
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE and MOLD APPEARANCE - STUFF THAT IS NOT MOLD - how to recognize mold and how to avoid wasting money testing or cleaning up stuff that is not mold; what does cosmetic mold look like and can we reliably identify it without testing?
  • Mold Atlas of Common Indoor Clinical Mold, Pathogens, Allergens, & Other Particles - Medical Health Effects of Mold: Allergenicity, Toxicity, Pathogenicity, Other
  • MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE - how to decide when the mold risk in a building justifies bringing in an expert to inspect, test for mold, write a mold remediation plan, or perform a post-cleanup mold clearance inspection and test.
  • MOLD EXPOSURE, FOOD HAZARDS - a history of foodborne mold related illness, definitions of mycotoxins, aflatoxins, etc., moldy food advice
  • MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS - world standards for mold exposure levels - and discussion of the difficulty of quantitative mold standards
  • MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE - Mold-Related Illness: sickness and health risks or complaints caused, or suspected to be caused or aggravated by indoor airborne mold, by physical contact, or other means of mold exposure
  • MOLD RELATED ILLNESS SYMPTOMS - a long list of all of the known, suspected, or simply documented health complaints voiced by people who have been or are suspected to have been exposed to problematic mold
  • MOLD ODORS, MUSTY SMELLS - if you smell mold, there's mold
  • MOLD PREVENTION GUIDE - how to prevent mold growth or re-growth in a building
  • World Health Organization Mold Bulletin - an excellent description of causes of mold related illness
  • Guidance for Clinicians on the Recognition and Management of Health Effects Related to Mold Exposure and Moisture Indoors, [on file as /mold/Mold_Guide_UConn.pdf] - Eileen Storey, MD MPH, Kenneth H. Dangman, MD PhD MPH, Paula Schenck MPH, Robert L DeBernardo MD MPH, Chin S Yang PhD, Anne Bracker CIH MPH, Michael J Hodgson MD MPH, University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Center for Indoor Environments and Health, 266 Farmington Ave., Farmington CT 06030-6210, 30 September 2004. [We have edited this file to remove blank pages in order to speed its load-time and to add a link back to this website.] This document was designed to help the healthcare provider address patients with illnesses related to mold in the indoor environment by providing background understanding of how mold may be affecting patients. The guidance was published in 2004, with support from a grant by the U.S. EPA, by the Center for Indoor Environments and Health, or CIEH at the University of Connecticut Health Center. " -- original source: oehc.uchc.edu/images/PDFs/MOLD%20GUIDE.pdf (1.13MB PDF file, slow loading) - this is an absolutely excellent and wide-ranging mold reference available online in PDF format.

More Reading: If you are looking for evidence of a mold problem in a building you should review these articles.

  • Mold Detection - What Does Mold Look Like? Mold spores in the Home - a Photo ID Library for detection and identification of mold allergens
  • Mold Detection - How to Find and Test for Mold in Buildings - Looking for Mold - A 'how to' photo and text primer on finding and testing for mold in Buildings
  • Mold Detection - Stuff that is Not Mold but is often mistaken for it - things you may not want to test. Not all "black mold" is toxic or harmful.
  • Mold Detection - using a flashlight to find mold - proper use of a flashlight can help spot mold on paneling and other building surfaces
  • Lighting, proper use of: proper aiming of a good flashlight can disclose hard to see but toxic light or white mold colonies on walls.
  • Mold spores in the Home - a Photo ID Library for detection and identification of mold allergens.
  • How to Find and Test For Mold in Buildings A 'how to' photo and text primer on finding and choosing the right spots to test for mold in buildings
  • How to Find Hidden Mold in Buildings - a guide for owners and inspectors, where and how to look
  • Hidden Mold Photo Guide shows where to look to find hidden mold in buildings
  • Stuff that is not mold but is often mistaken for it - things you may not want to test. Also, not all "black mold" is toxic - here are examples of harmless black mold.
  • Simple Adhesive Tape Sampling of Moldy Surfaces - how to send a mold sample to our lab

For more in-depth information on mold investigation in buildings see these articles

  • Mold Investigation Tips for Home Inspectors how to find mold, where to look, what is likely to be important. Advice to building inspectors intending to inspect or test for toxic or problematic mold indoors, mold inspection methods, and mold test methods which are valid or invalid
  • Mold Testing Methods - Brief Tutorial: Toxic Mold and Toxic Gas Testing Methods Compared - valid vs. invalid tests, recommendations. Lists mold testing methods and protocols, links to longer articles describing air tests for mold, surface tape or bulk mold tests, and gas testing such as MVOC's or toxic gases. Longer articles explain the shortcomings and discuss mold testing protocols.
  • Mold Sampling Methods in the Indoor Environment - In-depth article: detailed critique of popular mold testing methods - Is your mold test kit worth the bother?
  • Classes of Mold: what types of cosmetic, allergenic, or toxic mold are a problem? Can mold be cleaned-up successfully?
  • Levels of Mold: How much toxic or allergenic mold constitutes a problem?
  • What Mold and Allergens Look Like: mold identification photos to help identify mold - choosing what to sample in buildings
  • Mold Sampling Methods in the Indoor Environment - In-depth article: detailed critique of popular mold testing methods - Is your mold test kit worth the bother?
  • Humidity: What indoor humidity should we maintain in order to avoid a mold problem?

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Technical Reviewers & References

Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.

  • ACCEPTABLE MOLD LEVEL - given that a target of "zero mold indoors" is nonsensical, just how much indoor mold should we accept?
  • ACTION GUIDE - WHAT TO DO ABOUT INDOOR MOLD
  • American Academy of Environmental Medicine, 6505 E. Central Ave., #296, Wichita KS 67206 316-684-5500 - http://www.aaemonline.org/
    The American Academy of Environmental Medicine was founded in 1965, and is an international association of physicians and other professionals interested in the clinical aspects of humans and their environment. The Academy is interested in expanding the knowledge of interactions between human individuals and their environment, as these may be demonstrated to be reflected in their total health. The AAEM provides research and education in the recognition, treatment and prevention of illnesses induced by exposures to biological and chemical agents encountered in air, food and water.
  • American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ACOEM, 25 Northwest Point Blvd., Suite 700, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007-1030 Telephone: 847/818-1800, Fax: 847/818-9266 - http://www.acoem.org/
    The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) is a medical association of physicians, dedicated to protecting the health and safety of the American workforce and their communities. Members must adhere to the ACOEM’s Code of Ethical Conduct. The ACOEM Doctor Finder Service provides basic professional information about each occupational medicine physician member who has elected to participate in this public listing service.
    The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) represents more than 5,000 physicians and other health care professionals specializing in the field of occupational and environmental medicine (OEM).
    Founded in 1916, ACOEM is the nation's largest medical society dedicated to promoting the health of workers through preventive medicine, clinical care, research, and education. A dynamic group of physicians encompassing specialists in a variety of medical practices is united via the College to develop positions and policies on vital issues relevant to the practice of preventive medicine both within and outside of the workplace.
  • Australian College of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, ACNEM, 10/23-25 Melrose Street, Sandringham, Victoria 3191, Australia. - ACNEM, lists ACNEM-trained physicians; +61 03 9597 0363, mail@acnem.org - www.acnem.org - provides training in environmental and nutritional medicine.
  • Center for Environmental Medicine (Portland OR), 10748 NE Halsey Street Portland, OR 97220-3961 USA, Tel.: (503) 261-0966 Fax: (503 252-2691 Tel.: (360) 690-0017 E-mail: info@cemmed.com - Dr. Chris Hatlestad,MD, ABFM
  • Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, JOEM, Paul W. Brandt-Rauf, MD, ScD, DrPH, Editor; ISSN: 1076-2752
    Online ISSN: 1536-5948, 12 issues / year, Ranking: Public, Environmental, and Occupational Health 44/105 - http://journals.lww.com/joem/pages/default.aspx
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE and MOLD APPEARANCE - STUFF THAT IS NOT MOLD - how to recognize mold and how to avoid wasting money testing or cleaning up stuff that is not mold; what does cosmetic mold look like and can we reliably identify it without testing?
  • Mold Atlas of Common Indoor Clinical Mold, Pathogens, Allergens, & Other Particles - Medical Health Effects of Mold: Allergenicity, Toxicity, Pathogenicity, Other
  • MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE - how to decide when the mold risk in a building justifies bringing in an expert to inspect, test for mold, write a mold remediation plan, or perform a post-cleanup mold clearance inspection and test.
  • MOLD EXPOSURE, FOOD HAZARDS - a history of foodborne mold related illness, definitions of mycotoxins, aflatoxins, etc., moldy food advice
  • MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS - world standards for mold exposure levels - and discussion of the difficulty of quantitative mold standards
  • MOLD RELATED ILLNESS GUIDE - Mold-Related Illness: sickness and health risks or complaints caused, or suspected to be caused or aggravated by indoor airborne mold, by physical contact, or other means of mold exposure
  • MOLD RELATED ILLNESS SYMPTOMS - a long list of all of the known, suspected, or simply documented health complaints voiced by people who have been or are suspected to have been exposed to problematic mold
  • MOLD ODORS, MUSTY SMELLS - if you smell mold, there's mold
  • MOLD PREVENTION GUIDE - how to prevent mold growth or re-growth in a building
  • World Health Organization Mold Bulletin - an excellent description of causes of mold related illness
  • Guidance for Clinicians on the Recognition and Management of Health Effects Related to Mold Exposure and Moisture Indoors, [on file as /mold/Mold_Guide_UConn.pdf] - Eileen Storey, MD MPH, Kenneth H. Dangman, MD PhD MPH, Paula Schenck MPH, Robert L DeBernardo MD MPH, Chin S Yang PhD, Anne Bracker CIH MPH, Michael J Hodgson MD MPH, University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Center for Indoor Environments and Health, 266 Farmington Ave., Farmington CT 06030-6210, 30 September 2004. [We have edited this file to remove blank pages in order to speed its load-time and to add a link back to this website.] This document was designed to help the healthcare provider address patients with illnesses related to mold in the indoor environment by providing background understanding of how mold may be affecting patients. The guidance was published in 2004, with support from a grant by the U.S. EPA, by the Center for Indoor Environments and Health, or CIEH at the University of Connecticut Health Center. " -- original source: oehc.uchc.edu/images/PDFs/MOLD%20GUIDE.pdf (1.13MB PDF file, slow loading) - this is an absolutely excellent and wide-ranging mold reference available online in PDF format.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson DunlopThe Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

    Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.

  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
    Building inspection education & report writing systems from Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd
  • Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment
    Special Offer
    : Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.

  • Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
  • Adkins and Adkins Dictionary of Roman Religion discusses Robigus, the Roman god of crop protection and the legendary progenitor of wheat rust fungus.
  • Kansas State University, department of plant pathology, extension plant pathology web page on wheat rust fungus: see http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheat%20Leaf%20Rust.asp
  • "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
  • US EPA - Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building [Copy on file at /sickhouse/EPA_Mold_Remediation_in_Schools.pdf ] - US EPA
  • US EPA - Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo [Copy on file as /sickhouse/EPA_Moho_Guia_sp.pdf - en Espanol

Mold Contamination Testing, Cleanup, Prevention: references & products

  • GO TO the MOLD and INDOOR ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION CENTER for in-depth advice on avoiding testing for or cleaning up mold and other indoor environmental hazards, odors, gases, contaminantsThe Mold Information Center: What to Do About Mold in Buildings, When and How to Inspect for Mold, Clean Up Mold, or Avoid Mold Problems
  • Aerobiology, Building Science, Microscopy, & Laboratory References, an extensive technical bibliography
  • Allergens: what they look like in buildings
  • Associations: Sick House, Sick Building, SBS - Air Quality, Government, Private Associations and Information Resources
  • Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd Ed., GS deHoog, J Guarro, J Gene, & MJ Figueras, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 2000, ISBN 90-70351-43-9 (you can buy this book at Amazon) - The Atlas of Clinical Fungi is also available on CD ROM
  • Atlas of Mold Related Illness: Index of Symptoms and health, physical, neurological, psychological, and other complaint which people suspect may be mold or building-related.
  • Atlas of Indoor Mold, Online Clinical Mold Atlas, Toxins, Pathogens, Allergens and Other Indoor Particles - Medical Health Effects of Mold (separate online document)
  • Black Mold that is Harmless Photos of recognizable, usually harmless black mold on wood, bluestain, ceratocystis, ophistoma
  • Building Floods: quick steps after a building flood or plumbing leak can prevent costly mold contamination
  • Classes of Mold: what types of cosmetic, allergenic, or toxic mold are a problem? Can mold be cleaned-up successfully?
  • Clinical Mold References - Detailed bibliography of mold reference texts
  • "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
  • "Disease Prevention Program for Certain Vegetable Crops," David B. Langston, Jr., Extension Plant Pathologist - Vegetables, University of Georgia (PDF document) original source: www.reeis.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/209797.html
  • "Disease Prevention in Home Vegetable Gardens," Patricia Donald, Department of Plant Microbiology and Pathology, Lewis Jett
    Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri Extension - extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G6202
  • "Management of Powdery Mildew, Leveillula taurica, in Greenhouse Peppers," Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, British Columbia - Original source: www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/peppermildew.htm
  • Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our own technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
  • Fiberglass: Mold in Fiberglass Insulation© 2005 comments about a field study in process, & more about health hazards from fiberglass insulation - DJF
  • Fifth Kingdom, Bryce Kendrick, ISBN13: 9781585100224, is available from the InspectAPedia online bookstore - we recommend the CD-ROM version of this book. This 3rd/edition is a compact but comprehensive encyclopedia of all things mycological. Every aspect of the fungi, from aflatoxin to zppspores, with an accessible blend of verve and wit. The 24 chapters are filled with up-to-date information of classification, yeast, lichens, spore dispersal, allergies, ecology, genetics, plant pathology, predatory fungi, biological control, mutualistic symbioses with animals and plants, fungi as food, food spoilage and mycotoxins.
  • Fungi, Identifying Filamentous, A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, Guy St-Germain, Richard Summerbell, Star Publishing, 1996, ISBN 0-89863-177-7 (English) (buy at Amazon)
  • Looking for Mold Procedure: what mold is often found where in buildings - simple technical presentation
  • Meruliporia: the house eating fungus or "poria"
  • Mold Action Guide: Step-by-Step Instructions, What to do about mold, mildew, and other indoor allergens
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE Photos of what mold looks like in buildings
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - STUFF THAT IS NOT MOLD Photos of NOT-mold material that is sometimes mistaken for mold
  • MOLD ATLAS & PARTICLES INDEX, Pathogens, Allergens and Other Indoor Particles - Medical Health Effects of Mold (separate online document)
  • MOLD BY MICROSCOPE Mold under the microscope - photo identification of the most common indoor molds found in buildings
  • Mold FAQs Answers to Most Questions about Indoor Mold, Mold Related Illness, Mold Cleanup, Mold Prevention
  • US EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building [Copy on file at /sickhouse/EPA_Mold_Remediation_in_Schools.pdf ] - US EPA
  • Mold spores in the Home - a Photo ID Library for detection and identification of mold allergens
  • Mold Test Kits - How to Collect and Send Your Own Mold Sample to our mold testing lab or to any mold lab you wish
  • Most Common Indoor Molds Found in Buildings, A Table of
  • Mycology, Fundamentals of Diagnostic, Fran Fisher, Norma B. Cook, W.B. Saunders Co. 1998, ISBN 0-7216-5006-6 (buy this book at Amazon)
  • Ozone Warnings - Use of Ozone as a "mold" remedy is ineffective and may be dangerous.
  • Rot concerns in buildings-some building mold such as Meruliporia incrassata "Poria" risks serious rot and hidden structural damage
  • US EPA: Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo [Copy on file as /sickhouse/EPA_Moho_Guia_sp.pdf - en Espanol

OTHER IAQ ISSUES: How To Find and Address Other Indoor Air or Indoor Environment Contaminants Besides Mold

Mold or allergens may not be the only or even the main indoor environmental contaminant. Don't let media attention to mold cause so much enviro-scare fear that other, possibly more urgent hazards go un-addressed.

  • Fiberglass building insulation and HVAC duct work insulation hazards
  • Sewage and Septic backup contamination in buildings: inspection, testing, remediation, & references to expert sources
  • Other environmental risks: Asbestos, carbon monoxide, electromagnetic fields, environmental illness, fiberglass, MCS - multiple chemical sensitivity, toxic gases, etc
  • Indoor Gas Sampling Plan for Residential Buildings lists a number of toxic indoor gases which we test for, depending on the building complaint and building conditions
  • Ozone Warnings - Use of Ozone as a "mold" remedy is ineffective and may be dangerous.
  • Pet control - if you can't say goodbye to your bird, cat, dog, guinea pig, hamster, tropical fish, then limit the areas they occupy and limit the airflow from that area to sleeping or other areas of the building, use allergenic bedding, eliminate wall-to-wall carpeting, improve housecleaning including use of a HEPA-rated vacuum cleaner. For more details see our article Dog, Cat, and Other Animal Dander - Information for Asthmatics and Indoor Air Quality
  • Rodents, Mice, Squirrel Control - I find high levels of mouse and rodent dander, fecal dust, and urine-contaminated dust in some buildings, and high levels of these materials in building insulation in those locations. If you have a mouse problem, particularly if mice and their waste (fecals or urine) are contaminating the building HVAC or building insulation, may need both steps to clean up or remove infected materials and steps to stop an ongoing rodent problem. If squirrels are a problem, the cleanup needs to include closing off entry openings into the building. Get some help from a licensed pest control expert.
  • ...

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