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WATER PUMPS, TANKS, TESTS, WELLS, REPAIRS

FILTERS, WATER
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WATER TANK: USES, TROUBLESHOOTING
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Photograph of a sketch of a 2-line jet pump Explanation of Two Line Jet Pumps & Drinking Water Wells
InspectAPedia®  -      

  • Explanation of deep-well Two Line Jet Pumps & Drinking Water Wells, how to troubleshoot pump & well problems & how to fix them
    • What are the components of a two line jet pump water supply system?
    • What types of wells use a two-line jet pump for water delivery.
    • From what depth can a two line jet pump deliver water?
    • Types of wells and water supply systems and what to watch out for with each
    • Well pump & water tank diagnosis & repair procedures
    • Electric pump motor troubleshooting guide - table of problems & solutions
  • PUMP, TWO LINE JET OPERATION - separate article
  • Questions & Answers about 2-line jet pumps on water wells
  • References

Click to Show or Hide Related Topics

  • WATER PRESSURE LOSS DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR - home
  • WATER PUMPS, TANKS, TESTS, WELLS, REPAIRS - home
  • AIR DISCHARGE at FAUCETS, FIXTURES
  • AIR VOLUME CONTROLS, WATER TANK
  • COSTS: WATER PUMP & TANK
  • MUNICIPAL WATER PRESSURE DIAGNOSIS
  • MUNICIPAL WATER PRESSURE IMPROVEMENTS
  • WATER PRESSURE GAUGE
  • WATER PRESSURE & FLOW MEASUREMENT
  • WATER PRESSURE PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS TABLE
  • WATER PRESSURE DIAGNOSIS, PRIVATE WELL
    • NO WATER PRESSURE
    • WATER PIPE CLOG DIAGNOSIS
    • WATER PIPE CLOG REPAIR
    • WATER PRESSURE INTERMITTENT (comes & goes)
    • WATER PRESSURE FALLS SLOWLY, ERRATIC PUMPING
    • WATER PRESSURE BAD at SOME FIXTURES
    • WATER PRESSURE STOPS, THEN RETURNS "on its own"
  • WATER PRESSURE REDUCER / REGULATOR
  • WATER PUMP ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
  • WATER PUMP PRESSURE CONTROL ADJUSTMENT
  • WATER PUMP PRIMING PROCEDURE
  • WATER PUMP REPAIR GUIDE - home
  • WATER PUMP PROBLEM DIAGNOSTIC TABLE
  • WATER PUMP CAPACITIES TYPES RATES GPM
  • WATER PUMP CONTROLS & SWITCHES - home
    • WATER PUMP PRESSURE CONTROL SWITCH
    • WATER PUMP PRESSURE CONTROL ADJUSTMENT
    • WATER PUMP PRESSURE CONTROL REPAIR
    • WATER PUMP PRESSURE CONTROL REPLACE
    • WATER PUMP RELAY SWITCH
  • WATER PUMP INTERMITTENT CYCLING
  • WATER PUMP PRIMING PROCEDURE
  • WATER PUMP SHORT CYCLING
  • WATER PUMP SHORT CYCLE STOP VALVE
  • WATER PUMP SHORT CYCLING TABLE
  • SHORT CYCLE STOP VALVE
  • WATER PUMP WONT STOP RUNNING
  • WATER PUMPS, TANKS, TESTS, WELLS, REPAIRS - home
    • SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
    • ONE LINE JET PUMP
    • TWO LINE JET PUMP
    • WATER PRESSURE BOOSTER PUMP
  • WATER SUPPLY & DRAIN PIPING
  • WATER TANK: USES, TROUBLESHOOTING - home
    • WATER TANK DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
    • CISTERNS
    • FIBERGLASS WATER TANKS, BLADDERLESS
    • ROOFTOP WATER TANKS
    • STEEL WATER TANKS, BLADDERLESS
    • WATER TANK AIR INLET VALVE
    • WATER TANK AIR VALVE REPAIRS
    • WATER TANK AIR LOSS SIGNS
    • WATER TANK AIR, HOW TO ADD
    • WATER TANK BLADDERS
    • WATER TANK BLADDER RESSURE ADJUST
    • WATER TANK DRAIN VALVE
    • WATER TANK PRESSURE CALCULATIONS
    • WATER TANK PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
    • WATER TANK RELATION to WATER PRESSURE
    • WATER TANK REPAIR PROCEDURES
    • WATER TANK REPLACEMENT
    • WATER TANK SAFETY
    • WATER TANK SIZE & VOLUME
  • WELLS CISTERNS & SPRINGS - home
  • WELL FLOW RATE
  • WELL PIPING LEAK DIAGNOSIS
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Guide to 2-line jet pumps on water wells: this article describes the components of a two-line jet pump water system, what the components look like, and what they do. We discuss how two-line jet pumps are selected, installed, jet pump troubleshooting, & repair procedures.

Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.

What are the Components of a Well with a Two Line Jet Pump?

Copper tubing on pressure control switch (C) Daniel FriedmanThis article series describes various types of drinking water sources like wells, cisterns, dug wells, drilled wells, artesian wells and well and water pump equipment. We provide advice about what to do when things go wrong.

Readers of this document should also see our other diagnostic guides for water pumps, wells, motors, in table form:

  • ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE - table format and text.
  • SHORT CYCLING DIAGNOSIS TABLE - table format. Also see SHORT CYCLING WATER PUMP - text.
  • WATER PRESSURE PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS TABLE - table format. Also see WATER PRESSURE LOSS DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR - text.
  • WATER PUMP PROBLEM DIAGNOSTIC TABLE - table format. Also see WATER PUMP PROBLEM DIAGNOSTIC TABLE - text

Readers of this document should also see PUMP, TWO LINE JET OPERATION, and see our Well Pump Troubleshooting Diagnostic Guide for a table of diagnostic steps for jet pumps.

See Water Tank Types and before assuming that a water problem is due to the well itself, see Water pump and pressure tank repair diagnosis & cost which offers an example of diagnosis of loss of water pressure, loss of water, and analyzes the actual repair cost. If your building has water pressure problems, see WELL WATER PRESSURE DIAGNOSIS. Readers whose wells simply run out of water should also see How to Test Well Water Quantity and see How to Get More Water From a Well.

Two line jet pump diagram (C) Carson Dunlop'

Refer to the illustration at left, courtesy of Carson Dunlop and also to our rough sketch provided below to see the components providing well water to a building served by a two-line jet pump located apart from the well.

In our drawing the two line jet pump which draws water from the well and the water pressure tank are shown located separately from the well itself, and the well and its casing are shown located inside of a well pit.

Well pits such as the one we've drawn are used especially in climates exposed to freezing weather, as a way to get access to the well casing and well piping and to route well piping out of the well through the top of the well casing and on to the building while protecting it from freezing.

In addition to showing a well pit in this sketch, we discuss and illustrate well pits a bit more at Well Pits

A more modern device, the pitless adapter which permits a water tight piping connection out through the side of the well casing is shown in our sketch at Components of a Drilled Well with a Submersible Water Pump.

What is the Pumping Capacity in Gallons per Minute for a 2-Line Deep Well Jet Pump?

A two-line jet pump can typically raise water from depths of 30-feet to 80-feet, and at water delivery rates of 4 gpm (gallons per minute) (for a 1/2 hp 2-line jet pump serving an 80 foot deep well) to 16 gpm (for a 1 hp 2-line jet pump serving a 30 foot deep well). At WATER PUMP CAPACITIES TYPES RATES GPM we compare the pumping capacities of one line jet pumps, two line jet pumps, submersible well pumps, and other water pumping methods.

A nice example table of Deep Well 2-Line Jet Pump Capacities for 1/2 hp and 1 hp deep well pumps is provided in the Water Ace Jet Pump Installation Manual and excerpted below to illustrate the factors that determine well pump capacity. Both of the charts below are for 2-line jet pumps produced by Water Ace. 2-Line jet pumps intended for deep well use and made by other manufacturers can be expected to have similar capacities.

Deep well pumping capacity - Water Ace Co. Deep well pumping capacity - Water Ace Co.

The Water Ace charts (shown in part above) make clear that the capacity of a deep well pump to deliver water at a given flow rate varies by these factors:

  1. the depth of the well (the bottom scale in the two charts)
  2. the pump horsepower (the color codes indicate pump model and horsepower HP variation)
  3. The well pump model (the right hand table is for the company's more powerful well pump series of 2-line jet pumps)
  4. The condition of well piping, including pipe diameter, length, number of bends or elbows
  5. The presumption that the entire piping system has no leaks

Permission requested, Water Ace Corp. Aug 2010 - Pentair Pump Group.

Watch out: Safety warnings are throughout any pump manufacturer's instructions. Because some pump models are capable of developing internal pressures of more than 100 psi, if your building piping, pressure relief valves, safety controls, wiring, and plumbing are not properly installed, very dangerous conditions including electrical shock, tank explosion, and leaks or floods can occur.

How a Two-Line Jet Pump Works to Get Water Out of the Well

Photograph of a two line jet pump

A two line jet pump refers to the observation that two pipes are connected between the jet pump and the well. In our photo at left you can see the two black plastic lines leaving the front of the water pump.

A two line jet pump draws water out of the well by magic: it forces water away from the pump and into the bottom of the well through one of the pipes (usually the smaller diameter pipe).

At the bottom of the well water from the jet pump is forced through a venturi device (a sort of funnel shaped opening) and then back upwards into the larger diameter pipe. Water flowing through the venturi device at the bottom of the well piping draws still additional water out of the well and into the larger diameter pipe that flows back to the building.

The requirement to have some water to send down to the well in order to bring a larger quantity of water back is why a two line jet pump can't provide any water or water pressure in a building if it loses its prime. See WELL PUMP PRIMING PROCEDURE if you need to re-prime your jet pump.

In our sketch above see the two arrows showing water entering the bottom of the piping.

The following list and definition of two-line deep well jet pump and water well parts and terms is organized from the top of the drawing towards its bottom and uses names that correspond to those shown in our ugly sketch above.

Photograph of a two line jet pump

  • A pair of well pipes leave the well casing through a water-tight cap on top of the casing and are connected to the appropriate fittings on the two line jet pump which is (probably) located in the building it serves.

    The well casing top in this example is located inside of a well pit but it could be simply buried in the soil. It is particularly important that the well cap on the casing be water tight since otherwise unsanitary surface water and debris can enter the well casing. Many well caps are not water tight, which is why modern drilled well casings extend above ground level.

  • Compression Seal Well Cap is a special well cap with openings to permit passage of the two water lines (and maybe an air vent tube) out of the well to above ground.

    A compression seal well cap consists of steel top and bottom plates which "sandwich" rubber fittings which surround the water piping. As the two plates are bolted together they squeeze the rubber "sandwich" gaskets causing them to expand and seal both around the water piping and inside the diameter of the well casing.

  • A "two-line" jet pump is shown outside of the well, either inside of the building or perhaps in a well pit or well house. "Two line" refers to the fact that two water pipes connect the pump to the well. Since the lift capacity of a two-line jet pump is not limited to the shallow-well depth of 27' chances are that where you find a two line jet pump installed it is drawing from a deep water well. Our sketch shows the pump connected to a water pressure tank which in turn supplies water to the building. The pressure tank is usually located very close to the jet pump but it could be elsewhere.

  • Well Jet and Well Piping Foot Valve is a venturi device through which the two line jet pump sends water to collect and bring still more water back into the building. See WELL PIPING FOOT VALVES for details. You can see Carson Dunlop's sketch of a foot valve here and also at the end of this list.

  • Well Jet & Foot Valve Clearance from Well Bottom: (not shown) means that the well piping, bottom venturi, and foot valve are inserted into the well some distance from the very bottom of the well (inches to a few feet). We need this clearance to reduce the tendency of the well pump to pick up mud and debris from the bottom of the well.

  • Static head (not shown in this sketch) is the height of the column of water inside of the well between the bottom of the foot valve and the top of the water when the well is at rest. We discuss "static head" and well recovery rates in detail at How Much Water is In the Well?

What is the Well Piping Foot Valve used in a well and what goes wrong with foot valves?

Foot valve sketch (C) Carson Dunlop

If you keep losing prime at the water pump where a two-line jet pump is installed, it's probable that a check valve at the pump or more likely at the FOOT VALVE in the bottom of the well needs to be replaced.

See WELL PIPING FOOT VALVES for details about this component.

Carson Dunlop's sketch at left shows how a foot valve works and where it is installed. Replacing a foot valve in the well requires that the well be opened and the well piping be pulled out to permit removal of the old valve and installation of a new one.

After replacing the foot valve you should shock the well since you've probably contaminated it by laying your well piping and parts on the ground (and foot valves at the plumbing supplier are not kept in sterile containers).

We discuss how to shock a well at WELL SHOCK / CHLORINATION PROCEDURE our WELL SHOCKING GUIDE

Well Pump Troubleshooting Diagnostic Guide

Some of the well pump troubleshooting suggestions in this list can be found at the Betta-Flo Jet Pump Installation Manual from the National Pump Co.

Things to Check if the Well Pump Will Not Start
Pump Trouble Cause Diagnostic Procedure Repair Procedure
Blown fuse, tripped breaker Replace fuse or breaker - does the pump run and keep running normally? Be sure proper breaker or fuse size in ampacity is installed
Low voltage to the pump Check with VOM at the pressure control switch or at the pump wiring Be sure the proper size of wire is used for the ampacity and length of circuit; Test for low voltage to the building.
Loose or broken pump wire Check wiring against the pump installation manual diagram, check all connections for tightness, shorts, burns, damage Rewire or repair or replace wiring
Burned out pump motor Check that the pump pressure control switch is trying to turn on the pump and that there is voltage at the pump wiring Repair or replace the pump motor
Bad pump pressure control switch Check the switch contacts for burning or wear Adjust or replace the pressure control switch. Temporary emergency repair by cleaning the switch contacts may be possible.
Bad pump pressure control switch Check the tubing connecting the pressure switch to the pump housing for clogging Clean or replace the tubing and be sure the connections are not leaky - an air leak will prevent the switch from sensing pressure properly
Bad pump impeller or impeller seal leak Turn off electric power to pump, see if you can move the impeller or motor - if it won't turn it is jammed or damaged Remove obstruction in impeller housing, inspect for and replace damaged impeller or frozen motor.
Bad pump motor starting capacitor Use a VOM in ohms setting to check resistance across the capacitor. If the meter does not move (no current flows) the capacitor is "open". If there is zero resistance the capacitor is shorted. Replace the starting capacitor
Pump motor shorted out, jammed, burned up Fuse blows or breaker trips as soon as the pump tries to turn on. If the external wiring is ok (no short circuits) the motor is shorted internally Replace the pump motor
 
Things to Check if the Pump Motor Starts but Overheats and Trips its Reset Button
See ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH for how to find and reset this button
Bad line voltage Use a VOM to check the voltage level at the pressure control switch If voltage is too low, check voltage at the electrical panel and check that the proper size wiring was used for the ampacity and length of run and that there are no partial shorts or damaged wires or connectors
Incorrect motor wiring Check the actual electrical wiring against the motor wiring diagram or the installation manual for the equipment Reconnect wiring properly
Motor is too hot due to surroundings - inadequate ventilation Check the air temperature where the motor is located. If the air temperature is over 100 degF, the pump may be too hot and its thermal overload switch tripping because of the environment, not a pump problem. Install adequate ventilation, or if needed, shading, or relocate the motor/equipment to a cool location
Pump operates too long at low water pressure If the well recovery rate is too poor and the pump is operating at low water pressure, possibly because a tailpiece is installed to prevent air injection and pump burnup, the pump may be overheating. Install a valve on the water discharge line and reduce water flow to increase water pressure inside the pump itself.
 
What to do if the well pump runs continuously or runs too often
If the Well Pump Motor Runs Too Often If the pump runs too often the cause may be a control problem, water tank problem, piping problem, or a well problem.

See INTERMITTENT CYCLING WATER PUMPS if the pump runs at odd times for no apparent reason.

See SHORT CYCLING CAUSES if the pump is turning on and off too frequently.

If the Well Pump Motor Keeps Running & Won't Stop If the pump won't turn off the cause may be a damaged pump control, a plumbing or fixture leak, or a well problem.

Watch out: If the pump motor won't shut off you should turn off electrical power to the pump to avoid damaging it, then diagnose the problem.

See WATER PUMP WONT STOP RUNNING

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Technical Reviewers & References

Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.

  • Deep Well Jet Pumps, Government of Alberta, Agriculture and Rural Development, toll free in Alberta at 310-FARM web search 07/24/2010, original source: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex639
  • Betta-Flo Jet Pump Installation Manual, National Pump Co., LLC., includes helpful well pump troubleshooting tips as well as basic jet pump installation details. Web search 07/24/2010, original source: http://www.nationalpumpcompany.com/Documents/OIM/Betta%20Flo%20IOM%20Jet%20Pump.pdf
  • Water Fact Sheet #3, Using Low-Yielding Wells [ copy on file as /water/Low_Yield_Wells_Penn_State.pdf ] - , Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension, School of Forest Resources, web search 07/24/2010, original source: http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/XH0002.pdf
  • Smart Tank, Installation Instructions [ copy on file as /water/Smart_Tank_Flexcon.pdf ] - , Flexcon Industries, 300 Pond St., Randolph MA 02368, www.flexconind.com, Tel: 800-527-0030 - web search 07/24/2010, original source: http://www.flexconind.com/pdf/st_install.pdf
  • Typical Shallow Well One Line Jet Pump Installation [ copy on file as /water/Jet_Pump_Grove_Elect_Jet_Pumps_1.pdf ] - , Grove Electric, G&G Electric & Plumbing, 1900 NE 78th St., Suite 101, Vancouver WA 98665 www.grovelectric.com - web search -7/15/2010 original source: http://www.groverelectric.com/howto/38_Typical%20Jet%20Pump%20Installation.pdf
  • Typical Deep Well Two Line Jet Pump Installation [ copy on file as /water/Jet_Pump_Grove_Elect.pdf ] - , Grove Electric, G&G Electric & Plumbing, 1900 NE 78th St., Suite 101, Vancouver WA 98665 www.grovelectric.com - web search -7/15/2010 original source: http://www.groverelectric.com/howto/38_Typical%20Jet%20Pump%20Installation.pdf
  • Water Ace Jet Pump Installation Manual, instructions from Water Ace Pump Co., web search 08/28/2010, original source: http://www.waterace.com/pdf/R510%20R520%20and%20R100%20Jet%20Pumps%20Manual.pdf
    Consumer hotline: 800-942-3343 - instructions for the installation and maintenance of
    Water Ace shallow well pump Model R510 1/2 HP
    Water Ace deep well pump Model R100 convertible 1HP and
    Water Ace deep well jet pump Model R250 convertible 1/2 hp.
    Quoting from the company's website:
    The Water Ace Pump Company is a dynamic, rapidly growing retail pump manufacturer, backed by a tradition of over 125 years of excellence. We offer a complete line of sump, sewage, lawn sprinkler, swimming pool, submersible well and jet pumps as well as pressure tanks and accessories.
  • Water Ace Jet Pump Installation Manual, from Water Ace Pump Co., web search 08/28/2010, original source: http://www.waterace.com/pdf/RTS5%20RTS7%20RTS10%20RC5%20and%20RC10%20Jet%20Pumps%20Manual.pdf
    Consumer hotline: 800-942-3343 - instructions for the installation and maintenance of Water Ace pump models:
    Water Ace Shallow Well 1-line Jet Pump Models RTS5 (1/2HP), Model RTS7 (3/4 HP) and RTS10 (1HP)
    Water Ace Deep Well 2-line Jet Pump Models RC5 (1/2 HP) and RC10 (1HP)
  • Water Ace Submersible Well Pump Installation Manual, from Water Ace Pump Co., web search 08/28/2010, original source: http://www.waterace.com/pdf/23833A019%20Well%20Pumps%20Eng.pdf
    Spanish and French language submersible well pump installation manuals are available from the company.
    Consumer hotline: 800-942-3343 - instructions for the installation and maintenance of Water Ace pump models:
  • Access Water Energy, PO Box 2061, Moorabbin, VIC 3189, Australia, Tel: 1300 797 758, email: sales@accesswater.com.au Moorabbin Office: Kingston Trade Centre, 100 Cochranes Rd, Moorabbin, VIC 3189
    Australian supplier of: Greywater systems, Solar power to grid packages, Edwards solar systems, Vulcan compact solar systems, water & solar system pumps & controls, and a wide rage of above ground & under ground water storage tanks: concrete, steel, plastic, modular, and bladder storage tanks.

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson DunlopThe Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

    Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.

  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
  • GO TO Carson Dunlop's Home Study Course Information - How to Become a Home Inspector: Carson Dunlop's nationally recognized Home Study Course, selected by ASHI the American Society of Home Inspectors and other professionals and associations. This website author is a contributor to this course.
    Building inspection education & report writing systems from Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd
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